Cell Physiology

Question 1

What makes up the plasma membrane

Answer 1

lipid bilayer + proteins

Question 2

Basic framework of the plasma membrane

Answer 2

phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

Components of the bilayer

Answer 3

hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 4

hydrophobic tails are

Answer 4

nonpolar

Question 5

form pores so that specific ions can flow across membrane; direction is determined by gradient

Answer 5

Ion channel

Question 6

selectively move substances across membrane by undergoing a change in shape; good for larger molecules

Answer 6

Carrier/transporter protein

Question 7

recognizes specific ligand and alters cell function; cellular recognition sites

Answer 7

receptors

Question 8

catalyze chemical reactions in and outside of cell

Answer 8

enzymes

Question 9

anchor proteins in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells to one another or to protein filaments.

Answer 9

linkers

Question 10

Most permeant ion

Answer 10

K+

Question 11

Lipid bilayer is selectively permeable to

Answer 11

nonpolar, small, and uncharged molecules

Question 12

Nonpolar, small, and uncharged molecules can pass through membrane via

Answer 12

simple diffusion

Question 13

small, uncharged polar molecules enter membrane via

Answer 13

channel

Question 14

small, uncharged polar molecules enter membrane going

Answer 14

along gradient, no ATP

Question 15

Not permeable to ions or large, uncharged polar molecules need a

Answer 15

transporter or channel and ATP

Question 16

More hydrophobic (nonpolar)=

Answer 16

greater permeability

Question 17

Degree of water permeability is influenced by

Answer 17

cholesterol content of bilayer

Question 18

NaOH diffuses __ in higher concentrations

Answer 18

faster

Question 19

Bigger the gradient= __ diffusion rate

Answer 19

faster

Question 20

What makes up the Extracellular fluid

Answer 20

Interstitial fluid + plasma

Question 21

3 most prevalent ions in the ECF=

Answer 21

Na, Cl, HCO-3 (bicarbonate)

Question 22

3 most prevalent ions in the ICF=

Answer 22

K, HPO2-, and Mg2+

Question 23

what is 10 times more prevalent in the plasma than in the interstitial fluid

Answer 23

protein anions

Question 24

To find the amount of an ion in a concentration gradient….

Answer 24

ECF/ICF

Question 25

What ions move from inside to outside

Answer 25

K+, Anions

Question 26

What ions move from outside to inside

Answer 26

Na+, Ca2+, Cl-

Question 27

Ions flow from a __ concentration to area of __ concentration

Answer 27

higher, lower

Question 28

What makes up the electrochemical gradient

Answer 28

concentration gradient + electrical gradient

Question 29

changes in membrane potential, charge separations across the membrane

Answer 29

Electrical gradient

Question 30

At rest, the inside of the plasma membrane is

Answer 30

slightly negative

Question 31

K+ ions are attracted to the

Answer 31

inside of the cell

Question 32

the K+ electrical gradient is

Answer 32

inward, ECF to ICF

Question 33

the difference in ion concentrations across the membrane

Answer 33

Chemical gradient

Question 34

determine the direction and rate of ion movement through ion channels because ions are charged

Answer 34

Both electrical and chemical gradients

Question 35

transmembrane proteins, water filled pores, can be open or closed

Answer 35

ion channels

Question 36

Electrical signals in neurons are the result of

Answer 36

movement of ions across the membrane through channels

Question 37

What molecules aren't affected by the electrical gradient

Answer 37

Uncharged molecules like O2 and H2O

Question 38

Simple diffusion and channel-mediated diffusion of water have movement...

Answer 38

down concentration gradient

Question 39

Channel mediated movement of ions have movement...

Answer 39

down electrochemical gradient

Question 40

Facilitated diffusion (ion channels) require

Answer 40

ATP and membrane proteins

Question 41

Cell maintains the concentration gradients through the transport protein

Answer 41

Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 42

Na+/K+ ATPase is a

Answer 42

primary active transporter (pump)

Question 43

Na+/K+ ATPase is active because.... and primary because....

Answer 43

moves ions against a concentration gradient using ATP, does the transporting and hydrolyzes ATP

Question 44

The Na+/K+ ATPase uses the energy from...

Answer 44

hydrolyzing ATP

Question 45

Na+/K+ ATPase pumps what in and out of the cell

Answer 45

pumps K+ ions into cell and Na+ out of cell

Question 46

In the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, __ Na+ ions move

Answer 46

3, out of the cell (ICF to ECF)

Question 47

In the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, __ K+ ions move

Answer 47

2 inside the cell (ECF to ICF)

Question 48

More __ will move inwards to the cell down its electrical gradient

Answer 48

K+

Question 49

Lipid molecules enter cell via

Answer 49

Simple diffusion