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Pharmacology I > Quiz I > Flashcards

Quiz I Flashcards

1
Q

What are collies sensitive to and why?

A

Ivermectin, due to mutant deletion of ABCB1 gene which encodes for the P-glycoprotein, and important part of the BBB

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2
Q

What drug do Australian terrier no respond to (no sedation) but instead have salivation, tachycardia, muscle tremors and convulsions?

A

Droperidol/fentanyl

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3
Q

Young animals have _____ total body water and _____ developed metabolic systems

A

higher, less

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4
Q

Liver dz ____metabolic function

A

reduces

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5
Q

Renal dz generally _____ renal clearance

A

reduces

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6
Q

A dog in congestive heart failure will have better or worse drug distribution and clearance?

A

worse/reduced

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7
Q

Is idiosyncratic drug rx dose dependent and can it occur on first exposure?

A

NOT dose dependent

can occur on 1st exposure

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8
Q

The most common hypersensitivity type associated with drug immune response is ____. Drugs commonly act as ______.

A

Type I

Haptens

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9
Q

What is a decrease in responsiveness to the same administered dose of drug over time?

A

tolerance

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10
Q

What is acute tolerance called?

A

Tachyphylaxis

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11
Q

Why does pharmacodynamic tolerance occur?

A

Changes in receptor (down regulation, change in receptor sensitivity)

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12
Q

Why does Pharmacokinetic tolerance occur?

A

Changes in absorption, metabolism or excretion

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13
Q

What is cumulation?

A

elimination slower than absorption

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14
Q

Summation

A

two drugs have additive effects

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15
Q

Synergism

A

Two drugs have greater efficacy when combined

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16
Q

Chemical Antagonism

A

drugs react to each other inactivating one or the other

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17
Q

Physiologic antagonism

A

drugs cancel each other out

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18
Q

Pharmacokinetic antagonims

A

One drug reduces the concentration of another, interferes with its ADME processes

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19
Q

Acidifying urine increases excretion of ______

A

weak bases

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20
Q

Alkalinizing urine increases excretion of ______

A

weak acids

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21
Q

What are boxers sensitive to?

A

Phenothiazines (acepromazine)

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22
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

carrier mediated, may be selective, moves with conc gradient passive

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23
Q

Active Transport

A

Carrier mediated
Saturable
Selective
Moves against conc gradient, requires energy

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24
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATP supplied directly

25
Secondary Active Transport
Indirect, after ATP is used to create a electrochemical gradient
26
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis, drugs bind to surface of cell, cell membrane and envaginates. Requires energy.
27
What is the 1st part of absorption and the rate limiting step?
Dissolution
28
Bioavailability
fraction of given does that ends up in systemic circulation
29
Is topical use intended to be absorbed systemically?
No
30
Where does most absorption take place?
Small intestine
31
What is Enterohepatic recycling?
When a drug is absorbed from portal circulation then excreted in bile and reabsorbed in the small intestine again.
32
What is 1st pass metabolism?
an oral drug is absorbed into portal circulation and a portion of the drug is metabolized by the liver before is reaches systemic circulation.
33
Parenteral
IV, IM, IP, SQ injections
34
What 3 ways can you manipulate a drug for better transdermal absoption?
lipohilicity (lipid vehicle) local humidity (like a fentanyl patch) very high local conc
35
Are lipophilic drugs more like to get into the CNS? How?
Through fusion of cell membranes
36
Acidic drugs typically bind to ______
albumin
37
Basic drugs bind to _____
B-globulins and glycoproteins, sometimes to alb
38
Metabolism/Biotransformation definition
chemical alteration of drug by different body tissues
39
Bioinactivation
process of making the drug inactive and easier to excrete
40
Prodrug, Bioactivation
Prodrug- inactive substance | Bioactivation- inactive to active metabolite
41
Lethal synthesis
nontoxic substance converted into a toxic metabolite
42
Phase I Metabolism
oxidative hydrolytic rxns | Takes place in hepatocytes with cytochrome P450 enzymes aka mixed function oxidase system
43
Phase II Metabolism
a molecule w/ a reactive group conjugates with a substiuent group rendering a final metabolite that is inactive and water soluble (polar) Gulcuronidation is the most common rxn and is microsomal Conjugatin can be reversable (enterohepatic) recycling
44
What species is deficient in glucuronyl transferase?
cats
45
What species are deficient in acetylation?
dogs and cats
46
What species are deficient in sulfation
pigs
47
What species only uses ornithine due to lack of oxidative enzymes?
birds
48
Phenobarbital and phenylbutazone are enzyme ______
inducers
49
A decrease in the capacity of metabolic enzymes is called
enzyme inhibition
50
Glomerular filtration
passive, depends on molecular size and protein binding
51
Active tubular secretion
drugs move against a conce gradient using transporters
52
OCTs move ______ | OATs move ______
``` OCTs= organic bases OATs= organic acids ```
53
Tubular reabsorbtion
passive diffusion, lipid soluble and nonionized drugs can move back into circulation along their conc gradient
54
You have a weak basic drug and a urine with a pH of 4. What will happen regarding ionization and excreation
the drug will be ionized and excretion will be enhanced
55
Alkanization of urine with Na bicarb or K citrate will cause weak acids to be ______
ionized and enhance their secretion
56
Renal excretion is ______ in neonates
lower
57
Hepatic excretion
active transport/conjugates from hepatic sinudoids to bile caniculi. Lipid soluble drugs with MW >300 and a polar group more easily excreted
58
What are other methods of excretion besides kidney and hepatic?
fecal, milk, and eggs

Pharmacology I (16 decks)

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