Drugs exam 1

Question 1

Neostigmine

Answer 1

Indirect reversable parasympathoMIMETIC
inj
ruminal atony, stimulate ints. motility in horses, reversal of neuromuscular blockers, tx of myasthenia gravis

Question 2

Pyridostimgine

Answer 2

Indirect Reservable ParasympatoMIMETIC

tx of myasthenia gravis

Question 3

Edrophonium

Answer 3

Indirect Reversible ParasympathoMIMETIC
inj
dx of myasthenia gravis

Question 4

Atropine

Answer 4

Direct ParasympathoLYTIC
non-specific muscarinic antagonist
tx bradycardias
don’t use if glaucoma or tachycardia

Question 5

Glycopyrolate

Answer 5

Direct ParasympathoLYTIC
doesn’t cross BBB
slower onset & duration then atropine, less tachycardia
Preferred in rabbits

Question 6

Oxybutynin and Propantheline

Answer 6

Direct Acting ParasympathoLYTICS
urinary antispasmodic
used for urinary incontinence
relaxes detrussor m.

Question 7

Epinephrine

Answer 7

Direct ParasympathoMIMETIC
activates all adrenergic receptors
used in cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
don’t use in glaucoma, shock, tachycardia

Question 8

Noepinephrine

Answer 8

Direct Sympathomimetic
agonist at alpha receptors, some B1&B2
increase mean blood pressure, can cause baroreceptor reflex bradycardia

Question 9

Dopamine

Answer 9

Direct SympathoMIMETIC

Precursor to NE, acts directly on B-1 receptors and dopamine receptors

Question 10

Dobutamine

Answer 10

SympathoMIMETIC
B-1 agonist
+ inotrope

Question 11

Isoproterol

Answer 11

Direct SympathoMIMETIC
nonselective b-1 & b-2 agonist 
vasopressor
eye-mydriatic 
human- nasal drops

Question 12

Clenbutarol

Answer 12

Direct SympathoMIMETIC
B-2 agonist
oral syrup to manage COPD in horses

Question 13

Tetrabutaline

Answer 13

Direct Sympathomimetic
B-2 agonist
oral and inj
oral bioavail bad in horses

Question 14

Isoxsuprine

Answer 14

Direct SympathoMIMETIC
B-2 agonist
peripheral vasodilator
tocolytic

Question 15

PPA

Answer 15

Mixed Acting SympathoMIMETIC
Indirect release of NE in bladder/neck urethra, also has direct a-1 agonist
tx sphincter incometence
syngergism w/ estrogens

Question 16

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 16

Direct SympathoLYTIC
nonspecific a-antagonist
relaxes internal urethral sphincter
tx pheochromcytoma

Question 17

Prazosin

Answer 17

Direct SympathoLYTIC
a-1 antagonist
tx urinary retention by relaxing smooth muscle sphincter

Question 18

Propanalol

Answer 18

Direct SympathoLYTIC
non selective b-antagonist
decreased firing of SA node, AV node conduction, CO, myocardial O2 demand
tx tachycardia, feline hyperthyriodism, methylzanthine (chocholate tox)

Question 19

Atenolol

Answer 19

Direct SympathoLYTIC
B-1 selective antagonist
doesn’t cross BBB, longer 1/2 life than propanalol

Question 20

Succinycholine

Answer 20

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (non-competative)

Phase 1- activation of nicotinic Ach receptors, prevents complete repolarization.
Phase 2- nicotinic receptors stay in inactivated state, can’t respond to Ach

used for crash induction

Question 21

Pancuronium

Answer 21

Competitive neuromuscular block
generalized flacid muscle paralysis
excreted in urine mostly

Question 22

Atracurium

Answer 22

competative neuromuscular blocker
generalized muscle paralysis
spontaneous degradation in bladder

Question 23

Bethanechol

Answer 23

parasympathoMIMIETIC
oral
M3
Stimulates detrusser
need patent urethra, watch for GI obstruction