Final Exam Quick and Dirty Flashcards

Question

Bupivicaine

Answer 1

Uses: infiltration, nerve blocks, epidural Slow onset 20 min, long duration 8 hrs Most cardiogenic of LAs, pro-arrythmogenic

Answer 2

topical ophthalmic formulation rapid onset 30 sec, short duration 10-20 min corneal and conjunctival manipulation less irritating than other eye drops

Answer 3

Cox 1 is "normal" cox, txa2 promotes platelet aggregation, pge1=gi maintenance and vasodilation in kidney Cox2= inducable, prostaglandins produced during inflammation. Contribute to inflammation and pain, propagating pain signals.

Answer 4

Good for acute inflammation | Inhibit synthesis of eicosanoids

Answer 5

decrease PG sensitization of neurons, to bradykinin peripherally, centrally (interactions of PG with nociception)

Answer 6

Reduce fever- won't reduce normal temp or hyperthermia, works on cytokines

Answer 7

inhibition of AS (TXA2) Asprin/Acetylsalicilic acid preferential, irreversible inhibition of COX (TXA2 and PGI2) in platelets increased clotting time

Answer 8

cox2 expressed by cancers, nsaids inhibit cox commonly transitional cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma piroxicam often used

Answer 9

NSAID Large animal only no IM, causes muscle necrosis

Answer 10

Horses Banned in dairy cattle tx of MS pain PO only

Answer 11

cox-2 preferential nsaid small animal analgesic and anti-inflammatory oral and inj

Answer 12

cox2 selective nsaid | oral paste for horses, chew tabs for dogs

Answer 13

``` cox2 preferential multiple doses (SID for 3 days) in cats ```

Answer 14

weak u agonist oral analgesic may lower seizure threshold

Answer 15

direct acting, causes miosis in 2-6 hrs tx of glaucoma dx of PNS lesions (eg CNIII)

Answer 16

direct acting Mydiatic onset 1 hr, lasts 120 hrs indications (opth)- reduce pain from orneal or iris dz (uveitis), break up synechea in uveitis Don't use in primary glaucoma, cycloplegia=horse pani, very bitter taste=cats froth

Answer 17

direct acting mydriatic causes mydriasis and cycoplegia faster onset than atropine indication: dilate pupil for eye exam, prevent adhesions post cataract sx cautions- less effective pain control than atropine, less bitter but cats still foam, avoid in gluacoma, may alter schirmer tear test

Answer 18

Mydriasis Dx horner's syndrome some cv side effects

Answer 19

opthalmic nonselective b-antagonist used in gluacoma management- prevent glac. in contralateral eye decrease aqeuous formation may cause some miosis Corsopt- timolol + dorzolamide: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 20

Reversable inhibition of CA which decreases aqueous humor production -> decreased pressure in eye

Answer 21

Prostaglandin agonist increases uveoscleral outflow by stimulating FP receptors in the eye tx gluacoma and reduce IOP

Answer 22

Cyclosporine monitor by STT local immunosupression-wear gloves

Answer 23

Decreases t cell activation alternative to cyclosporine- tx KCS potential cancer-> wear gloves

Answer 24

Desamethase, prednisolone | Don't use if corneal ulcer, infection or diabetus

Answer 25

Flurbiprofen, Diclofenac manage uveitis and some keratitis manage cataract inflammation (diabetes patients) contraindicated- ulcer, glaucoma and coagulopathies

Answer 26

``` aminoglycosides flquinolones chloramphenicol NBP Oxytetracycle ```

Answer 27

ophthalmic topical anesthetic MoA: blocks Na channels preventing axonal depolarization used for tonometry

Answer 28

Cough suppressive Sometimes formulated with acetominophen Sometimes formulated with homatropine as an abuse deterrent in humans

Answer 29

inhalant beta adreneric agonist bronchodilator has b-1 effects

Answer 30

Bronchodilators am- parenteral theo- oral Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, inhibid mast cell degranulation stimulate catecholamine release from adrenals increase cns sensitivity to PCO2 Adverse effects: cardiac stimulation (+ino and chronotrope), Gi irritation, pu/pd