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Pharmacology I > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Osmotic Diuretic Drugs

A

Mannitol
Urea
Glycerin
Isosorbide

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2
Q

Mechanism of Action of Osmotic Diuretics

A

Act in lop of henle (primary) and prox tubule (secondary)
May interfere w/ transport mechanisms of thick ascending limb increasing the urinary excretion of Na+, K+. Mg, Cl, HCo3 and phosphate

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3
Q

Therapeutic uses for Osmotic Diuretics

A 
tx of: 
cerebral edema
glacoma
acute renal failure
mobilization of edema fluid
drug overdose
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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Osmotic Diuretics

A

Mannitol and Urea- IV
Glycerin and Isosorbide oral
Mannitol not metabolized and eliminated rapidly by kidneys

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5
Q

Loop/High Ceiling Diuretic Drug?

A

Furosemide

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6
Q

Cardiovascular Diuretics

A

Digitalis

Amniophylline

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7
Q

Theraputic use of Cardiovascular Diuretics

A

Tx of edema associated with CHF

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of Loop Diuretics

A

Inhibit NaK2Cl symporter at the luminal membrane in thick ascending limb in the loop of Henle. Inhibits paracellular reabsorbtion of Na, Ca and Mg.

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9
Q

Theraputic uses for Loop Diuretics

A

acute pulmonary edema and congestion

generalized edema associated with CHF, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis

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10
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

A 
ototoxicity
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
acute hypovolemia
hypotension
cardiac arrhythmias
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
systemic alkalosis
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11
Q

Pharmacokinetics of furosemide

A

Oral and IV
Onset rapid duration short
Partly metabolized by conjugation and partly excreted unchanged in urine and actively secreted in urine by the organic acid secretory mechanism

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12
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Drugs

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlorothiazide

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13
Q

Mechanism of Action of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Inhibit NaCl symporter in distal convoluted tubule inhibitng tubular reabsorption of NaCl and diuresis

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14
Q

Therapeutic uses of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Tx of edema of CHF, liver cirrhosis, nephroitc syndrome, acute glomerular nephritis, hypertension, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus , Ca nephrolithiasis, osteoperosis, udder edema

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15
Q

Adverse affects of Thiazide Diuretics

A 
Electrolyte imbalances (hypoNa, hypoK, hypoMg)
Hyperglycemia
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16
Q

Pharmacokinetics of thiazide diuretics

A

oral
absorption slow and incomplete
bind extensively to plasma proteins
excreted mainly by the kidneys and actively secreted in urine
decreased renal blood flow decreases affect

17
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics Drugs

A

Spironolactone
Triaamterene
Amiloride

18
Q

Spiranolactone MoA

A

Competitively blocks aldosterone binding to aldosterone receptor in the late distal tubule and collecting duct.
Excretion of NaCl and diuresis, retention of K+ and H+

19
Q

Therapeutic uses of Spironolactone

A

diuretic

tx of primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism

20
Q

Adverse effects of Spironolactone

A

hyperkalemia
systemic acidosis
reproductive effects because it acts on progesterone and adrogen receptors

21
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Spironolactone

A

oral
readily absorbed and highly bound to plasma proteins
extensively metabolized by the liver and converted to an active metabolite
onset slow duration long

22
Q

Amiloride therapeutic uses

A

tx of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

occasionally used in edematous disorders and hypertension (very weak diuretics)

23
Q

Amiloride adverse effects

A

hyperkalemia

systemic acidosis

24
Q

Amiloride Pharmacokinetics

A

oral

Amiloride is excreted by kidneys

25
Q

What are the Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor drugs?

A

Aetazolamide
Methazolamide
Dorzolamide, brinzolamine (opthalmic)

26
Q

MoA for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Reversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase which inhibits the exchange of H for Na in the proximal tubule which is the primary site
A secondary site of CA is the collecting duct
CA inhibitors lower intraocular pressure

27
Q

Therapeutic uses of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Tx of chronic glaucoma

acetazolamide has been used in udder edema

28
Q

Adverse effects of CA inhibitors?

A

Mild systemic acidosis
hypokalemia
hyperglycemia

Dogs- v/d, hyperventilation, polyuria/polydipsia, behavioral changes, pruritis of paws

29
Q

Phamacokinetics of CA inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide oral
onset 30 min, duration 4-6 hours in small animals

Acetazolamide is eliminated mainly by the kidneys and is actively secreted in urine by organic acid secretory mechanism

Dorzolamide topical on eye

Pharmacology I (16 decks)

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