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Pharmacology I > ANS Drugs (Exam 1) > Flashcards

ANS Drugs (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Neostigmine

A

inj, cattle horses pigs sheep
rumen atony, intestinal motility in horses, reversal of neuromuscular blockers. sometimes used to tx myasthenia gravis (immediate acting)

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2
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

same MoA as neostigmine but longer duration. Used to tx myasthenia gravis in small animals
Oral

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3
Q

Edrophonium

A

anticholinesterase

used in dx of myasthenia gravis

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4
Q

Carbamate Insecticides

A

Muscarinic signs/DUMBBELS then nictonic excitment and eventually nicotinic blockade.
Likely to cross the blood brain barrier leading to CNS excitement/seizures.

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5
Q

Organophosphate insectacides

A

clinical signs similar to carbamate toxicity but metabolize slower and bond irreversably. Can be tx w/ atropine.

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6
Q

Atropine

A

nonspecific muscarinic antagonist (dry secretions, slow Gi, increase HR, dilate airways, dilate pupils)
Used most to tx bradycardias and OP/Carbamite toxicity

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7
Q

Bethanechol

A

Oral med for contraction of detrusor m.
Muscarinic agonist w/ some selectivity for M3
Direct parasympathomimetic

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8
Q

Glycopyrolate

A

like atropine but doesn’t cross BBB
Slower onset and longer duration
Preferred in rabbits

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9
Q

Oxybutynin and Propantheline

A

Urinary antispasmodic
Direct antimuscarinic and spasmolytic effects on smooth muscle (bladder and large intestine)
Used for detrusor hyperreflexia

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10
Q

Epinerphrine

A

activates all adrenergic receptors

used for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis/anaphylactiodd rxns

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11
Q

Norepinephrine

A

alpha agonist, b-1 at higher doses, minimal b-2

increases mean blood pressure can cause a baroreceptor reflex (reflex vagal bradycardia)

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12
Q

Dopamine

A

acts directly/indirectly on alpha and beta-1 receptors and dopamine receptors.

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13
Q

Low doses of dopamine act on _____ causing ______

A

peripheral dopamine receptors

dilation of vascular beds

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14
Q

Moderate levels of dopamine activate ________ causing _________

A

b-1 receptors

+ inotropic and chronotropic effects

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15
Q

High doses of Dopamine activate ________ and cause ______

A

a-1 receptors

release of NE leading to vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Dobutamine

A

selective beta-1 agonist

+ inotrope

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17
Q

Isoproterenol

A

nonselective b1&2 agonist

used to tx bradyarrhythmias or acute bronchoconstriction

18
Q

Phenyephrine

A

selective a-1 agonist
sytemic- vasopressor
local- vasoconstriction
local eye- mydriatic

19
Q

Ractopamine

A

agonist at b-3 (most) and b1&2

reduces fat deposition and increase muscle deposition food animals

20
Q

Albuterol/Salbutamol

A

Selective b-2 agonist

aerosol bronchodilator

21
Q

Salmeterol

A

b-2 agonist inhaler bronchodilator

22
Q

Clenbuterol

A

selective b-2 agonist

syrup for horses w/ COPD and mucokinetic agent

23
Q

Tetrabutaline

A

selective b-2 agonist bronchodilator

oral bioavail. in horse is terrible

24
Q

Isoxsuprine

A

b-2 agonist that acts as a peripherial vasodilator (skeletal muscle, distal limb) and causes uterine relaxation
Sometimes used as a tocolytic in cattle

25
Q

PPA

A

indirectly increases release of NE in bladder neck/urethra
direct a-1 agonist
used to tx small animals (dogs mostly) for urethral sphincter hypotonus
Can be used synergistically w/ estrogens

26
Q

Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine

A

indirect release of NE and some direct a-1 and beta activation
vasocontriction, cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, urinary sphincter contraction, mydriasis)
Can be in some chinese herbal therapies and OTC

27
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A 
nonspecific alpha antagonist the irreversibly binds
used to tx urinary retension by relaxing the internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
manage pheochromocytoma (tumor of adrenal medulla) - manage hypertension and blood pressure spikes caused by catecholamine release
28
Q

Prazosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist
tx urinary retention by relaxing smooth muscle sphincter
greater effect and faster onset than phenooxybenzamine but potentially greater cardiovascular effects

29
Q

Propanolol

A

non-selective beta antagonist
causes bradycardia through decreased firing of SA node, decreased AV node conduction, decreased cardiac output and myocardial oxygen demand
used to tx supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

30
Q

Metoprolol

A

beta-1 selective antagonist

tx of methylxanthine (chocholate toxicity)

31
Q

Atenolol

A

b-1 selective antagonist

doesn’t cross the BBB as much as propanolol

32
Q

Esmolol

A

selective beta-1 antagonist
inj, doesn’t cross BBB, 20 min duration of action
lacks membrane-stabalizing effects of propanolol

33
Q

Reserpine

A

indirect acting sympatholytic
blocks vesicular monamine transporters thus reducing norepinephrine uptake into vesicles and leading to reduced storage of NE and mediator depletion.
Calming agents for equines in long stall rest

34
Q

Succinylcholine Phase I

A

activation of nicotinic Ach receptors similar to what Ach would do. Depolarizing NMB prolongs depolariztion of the motor end plate and prevents complete repolarization and thus stimulation by acetylcholine.
During this phase muscle fasciculation (transient) followed by flaccid paralysis.

35
Q

Succinylcholine Phase II

A

In phase II the nicotinic receptors stay in an inactivated state and cannot respond to acetylcholine
If phase II block is reached paralysis duration will be longer
used for ET tube placement, prevention of laryngeal spasm

36
Q

Competitive neuromuscular blockers

A

competative antagonists w/ Ach for nicotinic receptors at the motor end plate that will result in more generalized flaccid muscle paralysis. Derived from curarie.

37
Q

Pancuronium

A

Competative aganoist w/ Ach for Nic. receptors- result in flaccid muscle paralysis

significant amount excreted in urine, some metabolized by liver and a small amount excreted into bile

38
Q

Atracurium

A

undergoes spontaneous degradation in plasma (doesn’t rely on hepatic or renal function for clearance)

39
Q

Vecuronium and Rocuronium

A

primarily metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile and urine

40
Q

How do you reverse competative neuromuscular blockers (curarie derived drugs)

A

cholinesterase inhibitors which may be combined w/ an antimuscarinic like atropine of glycopyrrolate to block muscarinic effects.

41
Q

How is Rocuronium’s action terminated?

A

sugmmadex

Pharmacology I (16 decks)

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