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Kinesiology > Quiz - Chapter 01 - Basic Information > Flashcards

Quiz - Chapter 01 - Basic Information Flashcards

1
Q

The ulna is where in relation to the humerus?
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal

A

Distal

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2
Q

In anatomical position, the thumb is located where in relation to the fingers?
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal

A

Lateral

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3
Q

In moving from anatomical position into fundamental position, the forearm moves into

pronation.
supination.
inversion.
eversion.

A

pronation

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4
Q

When a person steps forward to release a bowling ball, what type of motion of the body is occurring?
Angular motion
Linear motion
Kinematic motion
Torque motion

A

Linear motion

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5
Q

When a person grasps an overhead exercise bar and pulls it down, what type of motion is occurring at the shoulder joint?

Angular motion
Linear motion
Kinematic motion
Torque motion

A

Angular motion

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6
Q

A movement of one bone on another bone to cause an increase in joint angle is called
flexion.
extension.
rotation.
circumduction.

A

extension

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7
Q

Sliding your foot under your chair to prepare to stand involves knee

flexion.
extension.
inversion.
abduction

A

flexion.

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8
Q

Turning your head to look over your left shoulder involves cervical

A

Left rotation

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9
Q

When the scapula moves into a protracted position, they move in what direction in relation to the spine?

A

Lateral

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10
Q

When a condition involves both of the legs, which of the following terms best describes this situation?

Unilateral
Ipsilateral
Bilateral
Contralateral

A

Bilateral

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11
Q

When a person abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees, then moves the arm backward, what is that motion called?

A

Horizontal abduction

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12
Q

The fibula is on which side of the lower leg?

A

Lateral

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13
Q

What kind of movement is closed chain and what does it promote?

A

Functional movement and provides stability
(proximal joints moving in relation to fixed distal segment)

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14
Q

What kind of movement is open chain and what does it promote?

A

Free movement and promotes mobility
(Allows joints to move together or independently of others

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15
Q

What is defined as force?

A

Any push or pull of matter

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16
Q

What is tensile force?

A

pulling

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17
Q

What is compressive force?

A

pushing

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18
Q

What is defined as a first class lever in the body?

A

Exerted force and resistive force
on opposite sides of axis
(Seesaw motion=human neck)

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19
Q

What is defined as a second- class lever in the body

A

Resistive force closer to
axis than exerted force
and on same side
(examples are using the wheelbarrow, and the ankle)

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20
Q

What is defined as a third- class lever?

A

Most common in human body
 Allows for higher-velocity
movements
(shoveling is an example)

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21
Q

What is joint reaction force?

A

Force generated within the joint in
response to external forces acting
upon it

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22
Q

What is stress?

A

Amount of applied force per area

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23
Q

What is strain?

A

Amount of material displacement under
specific amount of stress

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24
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The ability to stretch and return to the
original shape

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25
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

Ability to return to normal shape after strain

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26
Q

What is yield point?

A

Maximum stress that can be sustained before tissue failure

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27
Q

What is Plastic deformation?

A

*Sprain
*Permanent deformation of tissue but retains continuity

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28
Q

What are Biomechanics?

A

Examines the structure, function, and motion of the biological systems that make up a living organism

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29
Q

What are the biomechanics of the bone?

A

Made of calcium and collagen

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30
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

*Greater mineral content than collagen
*Shaft of long bones
*Rigid support

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31
Q

What is Cancellous (spongy) bone?

A

*Higher collagen content
*Found in marrow cavity and at end of
long bones

32
Q

What is Articular (hyaline) cartilage?

A
  • Covers ends of long bones
  • Dense connective tissue to
    absorb force between bones
  • Multiple layers
33
Q

What are ligaments?

A
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Provide joint stability
34
Q

What are tendons?

A
  • Connect muscle to bone
  • Transfer force
35
Q

Define joint capsule:

A
  • Dense fibrous sleeve around
    synovial joint
  • Passive stability
  • Contains synovial fluid
36
Q

Define Aponeurosis:

A
  • Fibrous insertion that connects
    adjacent muscles
    Example: aponeurosis of abdominal
    muscles that forms rectus sheath
37
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A
  • Skeletal (striated)
  • Cardiac (heart)
  • Smooth (visceral
38
Q

Define skeletal Muscle

A
  • Moves bones of skeleton
  • Supplies force for purposeful
    movement
  • Striated and alternating bands of
    fibers
39
Q

Define Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Forms muscular components of
    heart (myocardium)
  • Striated and in segments
40
Q

Define Smooth Muscle

A
  • involuntary muscle
    *Internal organs (intestines and
    vessels)
  • Nonstriated
  • Contracts slowly and automatically
41
Q

Define Histology:

A

Microscopic study of body tissue
(chemical composition and design)

42
Q

What is Endomysium:

A

Surrounds each individual muscle
fiber

43
Q

What is Perimysium:

A

Surrounds fascicles (groups of
muscle fibers)

44
Q

What is Epimysium:

A

Surrounds groups of fascicles

45
Q

Define Myofibrils:

A

Long cylindrical strands of
contractile proteins

46
Q

Define Sarcomeres:

A

Contractile units of a muscle

47
Q

Define Pennate Muscles

A
  • Fibers oriented obliquely (slanted)
  • Multipennate, bipennate, and
    unipennate
48
Q

Define Fusiform muscles:

A

Fibers oriented parallel to line of force

49
Q

What is Fascia?

A

Non contractile (passive) tissues
within the muscle

50
Q

What is a Flaccid muscle?

A

Results from loss of innervation to a
muscle

51
Q

What is Hypertonia:

A

Muscle with increased tone

52
Q

Define the characteristics of Muscle Spindles:

A
  • Elongated and encapsulated
    structures
  • Within muscle fibers
  • Signal changes in muscle length
  • Protect muscles
53
Q

What is an Agonist muscle?

A
  • Muscle producing desired motion
  • Prime mover
54
Q

What are slow-twitch fibers?

A
  • Type 1 fibers
  • Low force over a long period of time
  • More resistant to fatigue
55
Q

What are fast-twitch fibers?

A
  • Type II Fibers
  • Powerful contractions
56
Q

What is Motor Movement

A

Learned patterns of motion

57
Q

Define Antagonist muscle:

A

Contrasting muscle

58
Q

Define Fixators:

A

Provides stability at origins

59
Q

What are Synergists:

A

Muscles that assist the prime mover (agonist)

60
Q

What is an Isometric contraction:

A

Contraction with NO change in length

61
Q

What is an Isotonic contraction:

A

Contraction with change in muscle
length and joint motion

62
Q

Define Eccentric:

A

Lengthening

63
Q

Define Concentric:

A

Shortening

64
Q

Define Load Rate:

A

How quickly force is applied to tissue

65
Q

What is Passive insufficiency:

A

Inability of a muscle to elongate
enough to allow a joint to move
through full ROM

66
Q

What is Active insufficiency:

A
  • Adjacent fibers maximally shortened
  • Muscle cannot contract further
67
Q

Define Joint (articulation):

A

*The connection between
two bones
* Synovial, fibrous, or
cartilaginous

68
Q

Define Synovial joints:

A
  • Mobile joints
  • Allow purposeful movement
69
Q

Define Fibrous joints:

A
  • Sutures of skull
  • Little/no mobility
  • Stability
70
Q

Define Cartilaginous joints:

A
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Little/no mobility
  • Stability
71
Q

What is Close-pack position:

A
  • Maximal contact between articular surfaces
  • Maximal tension on surrounding ligaments
  • Example: knee in full extension
72
Q

What is Open-pack position:

A
  • Least surface contact
  • Laxity of surrounding ligaments
  • Increased mobility of joint
73
Q

Osteokinematics:

A

Gross movement of bones
in relation to one another

74
Q

Arthrokinematics:

A
  • Internal joint patterns
  • Involve accessory motions
    that cannot be achieved by
    voluntary muscle force
75
Q

What is Convex-Concave Rule

A
  • Distal bone glides in opposite
    direction of rotational movement
  • Example: wrist

Kinesiology (19 decks)

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