Chapter 6: Elbow and Forearm Flashcards
Elbow and Forearm
What joint is the associated with the elbow?
Hinge joint
The humeroulnar joint is what type of joint?
Hinge joint
The humeroradial joint is what type of joint?
modified
flexion, extension, and rotation
Which articulation of the elbow is primarily responsible for elbow flexion and extension?
humeroulnar joint
humeroradial joint
proximal radioulnar joint
radoiocarpal joint
humeroulnar joint
Which of the following ADLs would be significantly limited by loss of elbow flexion in the dominant upper extremity?
hygiene
lower body dressing
self-feeding
both hygiene and self-feeding
both hygiene and self-feeding
You are working with a patient with stiffness of the forearm that significantly limits their active forearm supination. Which of the following motions would compensate for this specific loss of forearm motion?
- shoulder abduction and internal rotation
- shoulder adduction and external rotation
- shoulder and elbow flexion
- contralateral trunk flexion and shoulder internal rotation.
shoulder adduction and external rotation
Which of the following structures provides the most medial stability to the elbow?
ulnar collateral ligament
annular ligament
radial collateral ligament
oblique cord
ulnar collateral ligament
Which of the following would be most difficult for an individual who has a significant deficit in pronation of both forearms?
- lifting and carrying a large box
- self-feeding
- washing their hair
- typing on a standard keyboard
typing on a standard keyboard
Laxity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow may contribute to which of the following?
- cubitus valgus
- cubitus vagus
- elbow flexion contracture
- median nerve compression
cubitus valgus
Prolonged repetitive elbow flexion may contribute to tension and compression on the ulnar nerve at which elbow landmark?
- radial head
- olecranon
- cubital tunnel
- antecubical fossa
cubital tunnel
A fall on outstretched hands (FOOSH) with the elbow extended would most likely cause which of the following at the elbow?
anterior dislocation
olecranon fracture
posterior dislocation
radial head fracture
posterior dislocation
For which of the following would be biceps brachii muscle be most active?
- unscrewing a light bulb overhead with your left hand
- using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your right hand, with the arm at the side.
- Using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your left hand, with arm at the side.
Unscrewing a light bulb overhead with your right hand.
using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your right hand, with the arm at the side.
The humeroulnar joint is best described as what type of articulation?
- uniaxial pivot
- uniaxial hinge
- triaxial ball-and-socket
- biaxial pivot
uniaxial
Acquired Amputation is defined…
The surgical amputation of a limb.
Bony Congruity is defined…
The degree of conformity of bone surfaces at a joint.
Carrying Angle is defined…
The natural valgus angulation of the elbows that allows the arms to swing wide of the hips.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is defined…
A condition of chronic compression or tension on the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel of the elbow.
Cubitus Valgus is defined…
Angulation of the elbow positioning the forearm farther (laterally) from the body than normal.
Cubitus Varus is defined…
Angulation of the elbow positioning the forearm closer to the body (medially) than normal.
Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) is defined…
A musculoskeletal pathology that involves repetitive trauma to soft tissues leading to painful inflammation and fatigue.
Flexion Contracture is defined…
A type of joint contracture in which the joint is positioned in some degrees of flexion due to restrictions of surrounding soft tissues and the passive and active extension of the joint are limited.
Lateral epicondylosis is defined…
Degenerative tendinopathy involving the extensor muscles of the wrist and hand.
Medial epicondylosis is defined…
Degenerative tendinopathy involving the flexor muscles of the wrist and hand.
Pronator teres syndrome is defined…
A condition in which the median nerve is compressed between the two heads of the pronator teres as it enters into the forearm.
Upper limb amputation is defined…
The loss of a portion of or the entire upper extremity due to disease process, trauma, or surgical procedure.
What are the bony landmarks of the humerus?
Trochlea
Capitellum
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
Which muscle originates on the humeral medial epicondyle and proximal ulna and spans the elbow anteriorly to attach on the lateral surface of the radius near its midpoint?
Supinator
Pronator teres
Anconeus
Brachialis
pronator teres
Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process?
Group of answer choices
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis
Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the anterior surface of the proximal radius?
Group of answer choices
Anconeus
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Supinator
Supinator
Which muscle originates on the distal half of the humerus (anterior surface) and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna?
Group of answer choices
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps brachii
Brachialis
Supinator
Brachialis
Which of the following groups are the prime movers in elbow flexion?
Group of answer choices
Biceps, supinator, and brachialis
Brachialis, brachioradialis, and anconeus
Biceps, pronator teres, and supinator
Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis
Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis
The triceps is responsible for which of the following actions?
Group of answer choices
Elbow flexion and forearm supination
Forearm supination
Elbow extension
Elbow extension and wrist radial deviation
Elbow extension
The muscles that would act on the forearm to neutralize forearm supination would be which of the following muscles?
Group of answer choices
Triceps and pronator teres
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Brachialis and brachioradialis
Triceps and anconeus
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
The elbow flexor that is most effective (strongest) with the forearm in the neutral position is which of the following muscles?
Group of answer choices
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Brachioradialis
Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow?
Group of answer choices
Lateral collateral ligament
Annular ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Proximal radioulnar ligament
Medial collateral ligament
The bony landmark of the ulna, which forms the prominent posterior point of the elbow, is which of the following?
Group of answer choices
Olecranon fossa
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Radial head
Olecranon process
The broad, flat membrane located longitudinally between the radius and the ulna is called the
Group of answer choices
thoracolumbar fascia.
joint capsule.
interosseous membrane.
annular ligament
interosseous membrane.
The bony landmark located at the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end is called the
Group of answer choices
olecranon process.
radial tuberosity.
radial head.
Styloid process.
Styloid process.
Weakness of the pronator teres muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
Group of answer choices
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
Group of answer choices
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Weakness of the triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
Group of answer choices
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Radial nerve
The carrying angle at the elbow exists because of which of the following phenomena at the distal end of the humerus?
Group of answer choices
The lateral structures extend farther distally than the medial structures.
The medial structures extend farther distally than the lateral structures.
The anterior structures extend farther distally than the posterior structures.
The posterior structures extend farther distally than the anterior structures.
The medial structures extend farther distally than the lateral structures.
Elbow extension occurs in which plane and through which axis?
Group of answer choices
Transverse plane through a vertical axis
Frontal plane through a sagittal axis
Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
Transverse plane through a transverse axis
Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
Measured from the position of the forearm in neutral or midposition, which of the following is true regarding normal ROM for pronation and supination?
Group of answer choices
There is more supination than pronation.
There is more pronation than supination.
There are equal amounts of available pronation and supination.
It depends on how much elbow extension the arm is placed in to measure the motion.
There is more supination than pronation.
The position of the elbow and shoulder that could potentially make the biceps brachii muscle actively insufficient would be which of the following?
Group of answer choices
Shoulder extension and elbow flexion
Shoulder flexion and elbow extension
Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion
Shoulder extension and elbow extension
Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion
When you have a patient do a “chair push-up” to strengthen the elbow triceps, what type of kinetic chain activity is this?
Group of answer choices
Open chain
Closed chain
This exercise has elements of both closed and open chains.
Neither
Closed chain
A common elbow pathology often caused by repetitive wrist extension activities is which of the following?
Group of answer choices
Medial epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis
Tendonitis of biceps tendon
Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
lateral epicondylitis
Your patient has point tenderness at the common flexor origin at the elbow. Given this symptom, which diagnosis is likely?
Group of answer choices
Medial epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis
Tendonitis of biceps tendon
Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
Medial epicondylitis
