Chapter 6: Elbow and Forearm

Question 1

What joint is the associated with the elbow?

Answer 1

Hinge joint

Question 2

The humeroulnar joint is what type of joint?

Answer 2

Hinge joint

Question 3

The humeroradial joint is what type of joint?

Answer 3

modified

flexion, extension, and rotation

Question 4

Which articulation of the elbow is primarily responsible for elbow flexion and extension?

humeroulnar joint
humeroradial joint
proximal radioulnar joint
radoiocarpal joint

Answer 4

humeroulnar joint

Question 5

Which of the following ADLs would be significantly limited by loss of elbow flexion in the dominant upper extremity?

hygiene
lower body dressing
self-feeding
both hygiene and self-feeding

Answer 5

both hygiene and self-feeding

Question 6

You are working with a patient with stiffness of the forearm that significantly limits their active forearm supination. Which of the following motions would compensate for this specific loss of forearm motion?

• shoulder abduction and internal rotation
• shoulder adduction and external rotation
• shoulder and elbow flexion
• contralateral trunk flexion and shoulder internal rotation.

Answer 6

shoulder adduction and external rotation

Question 7

Which of the following structures provides the most medial stability to the elbow?

ulnar collateral ligament
annular ligament
radial collateral ligament
oblique cord

Answer 7

ulnar collateral ligament

Question 8

Which of the following would be most difficult for an individual who has a significant deficit in pronation of both forearms?

• lifting and carrying a large box
• self-feeding
• washing their hair
• typing on a standard keyboard

Answer 8

typing on a standard keyboard

Question 9

Laxity of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow may contribute to which of the following?

• cubitus valgus
• cubitus vagus
• elbow flexion contracture
• median nerve compression

Answer 9

cubitus valgus

Question 10

Prolonged repetitive elbow flexion may contribute to tension and compression on the ulnar nerve at which elbow landmark?

• radial head
• olecranon
• cubital tunnel
• antecubical fossa

Answer 10

cubital tunnel

Question 11

A fall on outstretched hands (FOOSH) with the elbow extended would most likely cause which of the following at the elbow?

anterior dislocation
olecranon fracture
posterior dislocation
radial head fracture

Answer 11

posterior dislocation

Question 12

For which of the following would be biceps brachii muscle be most active?

• unscrewing a light bulb overhead with your left hand
• using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your right hand, with the arm at the side.
• Using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your left hand, with arm at the side.

Unscrewing a light bulb overhead with your right hand.

Answer 12

using a screwdriver to tighten a screw with your right hand, with the arm at the side.

Question 13

The humeroulnar joint is best described as what type of articulation?

• uniaxial pivot
• uniaxial hinge
• triaxial ball-and-socket
• biaxial pivot

Answer 13

uniaxial

Question 14

Acquired Amputation is defined…

Answer 14

The surgical amputation of a limb.

Question 15

Bony Congruity is defined…

Answer 15

The degree of conformity of bone surfaces at a joint.

Question 16

Carrying Angle is defined…

Answer 16

The natural valgus angulation of the elbows that allows the arms to swing wide of the hips.

Question 17

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is defined…

Answer 17

A condition of chronic compression or tension on the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel of the elbow.

Question 18

Cubitus Valgus is defined…

Answer 18

Angulation of the elbow positioning the forearm farther (laterally) from the body than normal.

Question 19

Cubitus Varus is defined…

Answer 19

Angulation of the elbow positioning the forearm closer to the body (medially) than normal.

Question 20

Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) is defined…

Answer 20

A musculoskeletal pathology that involves repetitive trauma to soft tissues leading to painful inflammation and fatigue.

Question 21

Flexion Contracture is defined…

Answer 21

A type of joint contracture in which the joint is positioned in some degrees of flexion due to restrictions of surrounding soft tissues and the passive and active extension of the joint are limited.

Question 22

Lateral epicondylosis is defined…

Answer 22

Degenerative tendinopathy involving the extensor muscles of the wrist and hand.

Question 23

Medial epicondylosis is defined…

Answer 23

Degenerative tendinopathy involving the flexor muscles of the wrist and hand.

Question 24

Pronator teres syndrome is defined…

Answer 24

A condition in which the median nerve is compressed between the two heads of the pronator teres as it enters into the forearm.

Question 25

Upper limb amputation is defined...

Answer 25

The loss of a portion of or the entire upper extremity due to disease process, trauma, or surgical procedure.

Question 26

What are the bony landmarks of the humerus?

Answer 26

Trochlea Capitellum Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges

Question 27

Which muscle originates on the humeral medial epicondyle and proximal ulna and spans the elbow anteriorly to attach on the lateral surface of the radius near its midpoint? Supinator Pronator teres Anconeus Brachialis

Answer 27

pronator teres

Question 28

Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process? Group of answer choices Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Pronator quadratus

Answer 28

Brachioradialis

Question 29

Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the anterior surface of the proximal radius? Group of answer choices Anconeus Pronator teres Pronator quadratus Supinator

Answer 29

Supinator

Question 30

Which muscle originates on the distal half of the humerus (anterior surface) and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna? Group of answer choices Coracobrachialis Short head of biceps brachii Brachialis Supinator

Answer 30

Brachialis

Question 31

Which of the following groups are the prime movers in elbow flexion? Group of answer choices Biceps, supinator, and brachialis Brachialis, brachioradialis, and anconeus Biceps, pronator teres, and supinator Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis

Answer 31

Brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis

Question 32

The triceps is responsible for which of the following actions? Group of answer choices Elbow flexion and forearm supination Forearm supination Elbow extension Elbow extension and wrist radial deviation

Answer 32

Elbow extension

Question 33

The muscles that would act on the forearm to neutralize forearm supination would be which of the following muscles? Group of answer choices Triceps and pronator teres Pronator teres and pronator quadratus Brachialis and brachioradialis Triceps and anconeus

Answer 33

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Question 34

The elbow flexor that is most effective (strongest) with the forearm in the neutral position is which of the following muscles? Group of answer choices Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Brachialis Coracobrachialis

Answer 34

Brachioradialis

Question 35

Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow? Group of answer choices Lateral collateral ligament Annular ligament Medial collateral ligament Proximal radioulnar ligament

Answer 35

Medial collateral ligament

Question 36

The bony landmark of the ulna, which forms the prominent posterior point of the elbow, is which of the following? Group of answer choices Olecranon fossa Olecranon process Coronoid process Radial head

Answer 36

Olecranon process

Question 37

The broad, flat membrane located longitudinally between the radius and the ulna is called the Group of answer choices thoracolumbar fascia. joint capsule. interosseous membrane. annular ligament

Answer 37

interosseous membrane.

Question 38

The bony landmark located at the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end is called the Group of answer choices olecranon process. radial tuberosity. radial head. Styloid process.

Answer 38

Styloid process.

Question 39

Weakness of the pronator teres muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? Group of answer choices Musculocutaneous nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve

Answer 39

Median nerve

Question 40

Weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? Group of answer choices Musculocutaneous nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve

Answer 40

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 41

Weakness of the triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? Group of answer choices Musculocutaneous nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial nerve

Answer 41

Radial nerve

Question 42

The carrying angle at the elbow exists because of which of the following phenomena at the distal end of the humerus? Group of answer choices The lateral structures extend farther distally than the medial structures. The medial structures extend farther distally than the lateral structures. The anterior structures extend farther distally than the posterior structures. The posterior structures extend farther distally than the anterior structures.

Answer 42

The medial structures extend farther distally than the lateral structures.

Question 43

Elbow extension occurs in which plane and through which axis? Group of answer choices Transverse plane through a vertical axis Frontal plane through a sagittal axis Sagittal plane through a frontal axis Transverse plane through a transverse axis

Answer 43

Sagittal plane through a frontal axis

Question 44

Measured from the position of the forearm in neutral or midposition, which of the following is true regarding normal ROM for pronation and supination? Group of answer choices There is more supination than pronation. There is more pronation than supination. There are equal amounts of available pronation and supination. It depends on how much elbow extension the arm is placed in to measure the motion.

Answer 44

There is more supination than pronation.

Question 45

The position of the elbow and shoulder that could potentially make the biceps brachii muscle actively insufficient would be which of the following? Group of answer choices Shoulder extension and elbow flexion Shoulder flexion and elbow extension Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion Shoulder extension and elbow extension

Answer 45

Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion

Question 46

When you have a patient do a “chair push-up” to strengthen the elbow triceps, what type of kinetic chain activity is this? Group of answer choices Open chain Closed chain This exercise has elements of both closed and open chains. Neither

Answer 46

Closed chain

Question 47

A common elbow pathology often caused by repetitive wrist extension activities is which of the following? Group of answer choices Medial epicondylitis Lateral epicondylitis Tendonitis of biceps tendon Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

Answer 47

lateral epicondylitis

Question 48

Your patient has point tenderness at the common flexor origin at the elbow. Given this symptom, which diagnosis is likely? Group of answer choices Medial epicondylitis Lateral epicondylitis Tendonitis of biceps tendon Volkmann’s ischemic contracture

Answer 48

Medial epicondylitis