Chapter 1: Intro to Occupation-Based Anatomy Flashcards
What are occupations?
Everyday activities that people do to bring meaning and purpose to life such as :
- ADLs
- IADLs
- Rest & Sleep
- Education
- Work
- Social Participation
- Leisure
- Play
- Health Management
What is Occupational Performance?
The act of completing meaningful activities by a person, group, or population
Define Arthrokinematics
The specific pattern of relative bone surface movement within a joint.
Define axis motion
A straight line around which an object rotates; typically lying within the joint
Define biomechanics
The study of movement of living organisms
Define Closed-chain movement
Functional movement involving a fixed (no moving) distal segment such that the proximal joint(s) move together in relation to this fixed point.
Define elasticity
The ability to stretch and return to the original shape after tensile force is removed
Define End-feel
The feel of a joint at the end of a passive range; can indicate a general source of restriction
Define 1st class lever
A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on opposite sides of an axis
Define force
Push or pull
Define function anatomy
The underlying body structures and movements involved in daily function
Define functional mobility
Moving the body from one position or place to another
Define joint reaction force
The force generated within the joint in response to external forces acting upon it
Define kinesiology
The study of anatomy and mechanics in relation to the human movement
Define the kinetic chain
Cooperative, interdependent movement of the segments and joints of the body
Define length-tension relationship
The concept that a muscles strength is relative to it’s length at time of contraction
Define mechanical advantage
Leverage affected by the type of lever and length of moment arm
Define moment
The turning effect of a force or its tendency to cause rotation
Define moment arm
The distance from an axis to the force acting upon it; in functional anatomy the perpendicular distance from a joint’s center of rotation to the muscles moving it.
Define Motor skills
Performance skills that include physical movement of the body
Define open-chain movement
Free movement of the joints and segments of the body in space; joints move together or independently of the others
Define osteoarthritis
The degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone within a joint
Define osteokinematics
The gross movement of bones in relation to one another; often an externally visible pattern of movement
Define performance patterns
The habit, routines, rituals, and roles that form the rhythms and expectations of daily life.
Define performance skills
The goal directed actions that contribute to occupational performance, including motor, process, and social interaction.
Define planes of motion
The fixed planes that segments of human body move through or parallel to; include the Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.
Define purposeful movement
Meaningful, goal-directed motion
Define 2nd class lever
A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis , with the resistive force closer to the axis
Define strain
The amount of material displacement under a specific amount of stress
Define stress
The amount of applied force per area
Define surface anatomy
The feature of anatomy that are palpable or visible on the surface of the skin
Define 3rd class lever
A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis, with the exerted force closer to the axis
Define torque
The turning affect of a force or its ability to rotate an object
Define Young modulus
A method for measuring and representing the relative stiffness of a particular material
Define caudal
Beneath, or toward the “tail”
Same side of the body is define as….
Ipsilateral
Opposite side of the body
Contralateral
True or False:
Skeletal muscle generally has 2 or more attachments to bones of the body
True
True or False:
The origin is proximal
True
True or false :
The insertion is distal
True
What plane divides the right and left sides of the body?
Sagittal
What plane divides the anterior and posterior side of the body?
Frontal or coronal plane
What plane divides the inferior and superior portions of the body?
Transverse
Define isotonic
Muscle contractions with a change in length and joint motion
Define isometric
Muscle contractions without a change in length
- sprain
- permanent deformation of tissue but retaining continuity is defined as
Plastic deformation
The maximum stress that can be sustained before tissue failure is defined as
Yield point
- connect to bone to bone
Joint stability is defined as
Ligaments
Connect muscle to bone, transfer force is defined as
Tendons
Contains synovial fluid, passive stability, dense fibrous sleeve around synovial joint is defined as
Joint capsule
Fibrous insertion that connects adjacent muscles is defined as
Aponeurosis
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Skeletal (striated)
Cardiac (heart)
Smooth (visceral)
Long cylinder strands of contractile proteins are called
Myofibrils
Contractile units of a muscle are called
Sarcomeres
Protein composing thin filaments are
Actin
Protein composing thick filaments, forms central shaft of each sarcomeres is called
Myosin
Stabilizing border around myosin and limits excursion is called
Thin filaments
Connects actin filaments and divide sarcomere is called
Z disc
Maximal contact between articular surfaces, maximal a tension on surrounding ligaments, an example of a knee in full extension is called what position?
Closed-pack position
Least surface contact, laxity of surrounding ligaments, increased mobility of joint is called what position
Open-packed position
Which of the following describes the arrangement of a 3rd class lever:
Axis, exerted force, external force
Axis, external force, exerted force
Exerted force, axis, external force
External force, axis, exerted force
Axis, exerted force, external force
Which word is most synonymous with “moment”?
Force
Torque
Synergy
Lever
Torque
The biomechanical concept referring to limited joint range of motion due to muscle tightness or shortening is termed:
Active insufficiently
Load to failure
Yield point
Passive insufficiency
Passive insufficiency
Which term refers to the movement of joint surfaces relative to to one another?
Osteokinematics
Arthrokinematics
AROM
PROM
Arthrokinematics
Which of the following is an example of comprehensive force in the body?
The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body
The force exerted by a tendon to move a bone
The force exerted by the muscle of the trunk to stabilize the core
The force of multiple muscles acting on a joint
The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body
Which type of bone is light and porous, typically found in the ends of large weight-bearing bones?
Cortical bone
Diaphysis
Compact bone
Cancellous bone
Cancellous bone
Which muscle fibers generate low force sustained over a long period \, are resistant to fatigue, and make up many of the core (postural) muscles?
Fast-twitch muscle fibers
Moderate-twitch muscle fibers
Slow-twitch muscle fibers
Penance muscle fibers
Slow-twitch muscle fibers
What type of muscle fibers that are oblique (slanted) in relation to central tendon and are capable of large force production?
Pennate muscles
Parallel muscles
Sphincter muscles
Golgi tendon
Pennate muscles
Carrying a box w/ the elbows, wrists, and hands in a static (stable) position is an example of what type of muscle contraction?
Isotonic
Isometric
Plyometric
Fast-twitch
Isometric`
Flexion of the shoulder occurs primarily in which plane of motion?
Transverse
Frontal
Sagittal
Coronal
Sagittal
Spherical surface fits into concave depression, most mobile, rotates around 3 axes is defined what type of joint?
Ball-and-socket
Oval- shaped convex end articulates with elliptical concave basin of another, motion around 2 axes are defined as what type of joint?
Ellipsoid
Motion around single axis, only flexion and extension, collateral ligaments limiting medial and lateral movement is what type of joint?
Hinge
Modified ellisoid joint, convex and concave articulating surfaces, motion around 2 axes is what type of joint?
Saddle
2 flat surfaces of adjacent bones, least movement, translation (gliding) movements btwn surfaces are what type of joints?
Gliding
Motion around one axis, bones rotating around another is what type of joint?
Pivot
