Chapter 1: Intro to Occupation-Based Anatomy Flashcards by Alina C

What are occupations?

Everyday activities that people do to bring meaning and purpose to life such as :

ADLs
IADLs
Rest & Sleep
Education
Work
Social Participation
Leisure
Play
Health Management

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What is Occupational Performance?

The act of completing meaningful activities by a person, group, or population

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Define Arthrokinematics

The specific pattern of relative bone surface movement within a joint.

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Define axis motion

A straight line around which an object rotates; typically lying within the joint

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Define biomechanics

The study of movement of living organisms

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Define Closed-chain movement

Functional movement involving a fixed (no moving) distal segment such that the proximal joint(s) move together in relation to this fixed point.

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Define elasticity

The ability to stretch and return to the original shape after tensile force is removed

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Define End-feel

The feel of a joint at the end of a passive range; can indicate a general source of restriction

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Define 1st class lever

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on opposite sides of an axis

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Define force

Push or pull

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Define function anatomy

The underlying body structures and movements involved in daily function

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Define functional mobility

Moving the body from one position or place to another

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Define joint reaction force

The force generated within the joint in response to external forces acting upon it

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Define kinesiology

The study of anatomy and mechanics in relation to the human movement

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Define the kinetic chain

Cooperative, interdependent movement of the segments and joints of the body

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Define length-tension relationship

The concept that a muscles strength is relative to it’s length at time of contraction

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Define mechanical advantage

Leverage affected by the type of lever and length of moment arm

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Define moment

The turning effect of a force or its tendency to cause rotation

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Define moment arm

The distance from an axis to the force acting upon it; in functional anatomy the perpendicular distance from a joint’s center of rotation to the muscles moving it.

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Define Motor skills

Performance skills that include physical movement of the body

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Define open-chain movement

Free movement of the joints and segments of the body in space; joints move together or independently of the others

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Define osteoarthritis

The degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone within a joint

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Define osteokinematics

The gross movement of bones in relation to one another; often an externally visible pattern of movement

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Define performance patterns

The habit, routines, rituals, and roles that form the rhythms and expectations of daily life.

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Define performance skills

The goal directed actions that contribute to occupational performance, including motor, process, and social interaction.

Define planes of motion

The fixed planes that segments of human body move through or parallel to; include the Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

Define purposeful movement

Meaningful, goal-directed motion

Define 2nd class lever

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis , with the resistive force closer to the axis

Define strain

The amount of material displacement under a specific amount of stress

Define stress

The amount of applied force per area

Define surface anatomy

The feature of anatomy that are palpable or visible on the surface of the skin

Define 3rd class lever

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis, with the exerted force closer to the axis

Define torque

The turning affect of a force or its ability to rotate an object

Define Young modulus

A method for measuring and representing the relative stiffness of a particular material

Define caudal

Beneath, or toward the “tail”

Same side of the body is define as….

Ipsilateral

Opposite side of the body

Contralateral

True or False: Skeletal muscle generally has 2 or more attachments to bones of the body

True

True or False: The origin is proximal

True

True or false : The insertion is distal

True

What plane divides the right and left sides of the body?

Sagittal

What plane divides the anterior and posterior side of the body?

Frontal or coronal plane

What plane divides the inferior and superior portions of the body?

Transverse

Define isotonic

Muscle contractions with a change in length and joint motion

Define isometric

Muscle contractions without a change in length

- sprain - permanent deformation of tissue but retaining continuity is defined as

Plastic deformation

The maximum stress that can be sustained before tissue failure is defined as

Yield point

- connect to bone to bone Joint stability is defined as

Ligaments

Connect muscle to bone, transfer force is defined as

Tendons

Contains synovial fluid, passive stability, dense fibrous sleeve around synovial joint is defined as

Joint capsule

Fibrous insertion that connects adjacent muscles is defined as

Aponeurosis

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Skeletal (striated) Cardiac (heart) Smooth (visceral)

Long cylinder strands of contractile proteins are called

Myofibrils

Contractile units of a muscle are called

Sarcomeres

Protein composing thin filaments are

Actin

Protein composing thick filaments, forms central shaft of each sarcomeres is called

Myosin

Stabilizing border around myosin and limits excursion is called

Thin filaments

Connects actin filaments and divide sarcomere is called

Z disc

Maximal contact between articular surfaces, maximal a tension on surrounding ligaments, an example of a knee in full extension is called what position?

Closed-pack position

Least surface contact, laxity of surrounding ligaments, increased mobility of joint is called what position

Open-packed position

Which of the following describes the arrangement of a 3rd class lever: Axis, exerted force, external force Axis, external force, exerted force Exerted force, axis, external force External force, axis, exerted force

Axis, exerted force, external force

Which word is most synonymous with “moment”? Force Torque Synergy Lever

Torque

The biomechanical concept referring to limited joint range of motion due to muscle tightness or shortening is termed: Active insufficiently Load to failure Yield point Passive insufficiency

Passive insufficiency

Which term refers to the movement of joint surfaces relative to to one another? Osteokinematics Arthrokinematics AROM PROM

Arthrokinematics

Which of the following is an example of comprehensive force in the body? The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body The force exerted by a tendon to move a bone The force exerted by the muscle of the trunk to stabilize the core The force of multiple muscles acting on a joint

The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body

Which type of bone is light and porous, typically found in the ends of large weight-bearing bones? Cortical bone Diaphysis Compact bone Cancellous bone

Cancellous bone

Which muscle fibers generate low force sustained over a long period \, are resistant to fatigue, and make up many of the core (postural) muscles? Fast-twitch muscle fibers Moderate-twitch muscle fibers Slow-twitch muscle fibers Penance muscle fibers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers

What type of muscle fibers that are oblique (slanted) in relation to central tendon and are capable of large force production? Pennate muscles Parallel muscles Sphincter muscles Golgi tendon

Pennate muscles

Carrying a box w/ the elbows, wrists, and hands in a static (stable) position is an example of what type of muscle contraction? Isotonic Isometric Plyometric Fast-twitch

Isometric`

Flexion of the shoulder occurs primarily in which plane of motion? Transverse Frontal Sagittal Coronal

Sagittal

Spherical surface fits into concave depression, most mobile, rotates around 3 axes is defined what type of joint?

Ball-and-socket

Oval- shaped convex end articulates with elliptical concave basin of another, motion around 2 axes are defined as what type of joint?

Ellipsoid

Motion around single axis, only flexion and extension, collateral ligaments limiting medial and lateral movement is what type of joint?

Hinge

Modified ellisoid joint, convex and concave articulating surfaces, motion around 2 axes is what type of joint?

Saddle

2 flat surfaces of adjacent bones, least movement, translation (gliding) movements btwn surfaces are what type of joints?

Gliding

Motion around one axis, bones rotating around another is what type of joint?

Pivot