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Kinesiology > Chapter 1: Intro to Occupation-Based Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Occupation-Based Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are occupations?

A

Everyday activities that people do to bring meaning and purpose to life such as :

  1. ADLs
  2. IADLs
  3. Rest & Sleep
  4. Education
  5. Work
  6. Social Participation
  7. Leisure
  8. Play
  9. Health Management
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2
Q

What is Occupational Performance?

A

The act of completing meaningful activities by a person, group, or population

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3
Q

Define Arthrokinematics

A

The specific pattern of relative bone surface movement within a joint.

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4
Q

Define axis motion

A

A straight line around which an object rotates; typically lying within the joint

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5
Q

Define biomechanics

A

The study of movement of living organisms

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6
Q

Define Closed-chain movement

A

Functional movement involving a fixed (no moving) distal segment such that the proximal joint(s) move together in relation to this fixed point.

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7
Q

Define elasticity

A

The ability to stretch and return to the original shape after tensile force is removed

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8
Q

Define End-feel

A

The feel of a joint at the end of a passive range; can indicate a general source of restriction

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9
Q

Define 1st class lever

A

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on opposite sides of an axis

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10
Q

Define force

A

Push or pull

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11
Q

Define function anatomy

A

The underlying body structures and movements involved in daily function

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12
Q

Define functional mobility

A

Moving the body from one position or place to another

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13
Q

Define joint reaction force

A

The force generated within the joint in response to external forces acting upon it

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14
Q

Define kinesiology

A

The study of anatomy and mechanics in relation to the human movement

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15
Q

Define the kinetic chain

A

Cooperative, interdependent movement of the segments and joints of the body

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16
Q

Define length-tension relationship

A

The concept that a muscles strength is relative to it’s length at time of contraction

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17
Q

Define mechanical advantage

A

Leverage affected by the type of lever and length of moment arm

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18
Q

Define moment

A

The turning effect of a force or its tendency to cause rotation

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19
Q

Define moment arm

A

The distance from an axis to the force acting upon it; in functional anatomy the perpendicular distance from a joint’s center of rotation to the muscles moving it.

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20
Q

Define Motor skills

A

Performance skills that include physical movement of the body

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21
Q

Define open-chain movement

A

Free movement of the joints and segments of the body in space; joints move together or independently of the others

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22
Q

Define osteoarthritis

A

The degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone within a joint

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23
Q

Define osteokinematics

A

The gross movement of bones in relation to one another; often an externally visible pattern of movement

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24
Q

Define performance patterns

A

The habit, routines, rituals, and roles that form the rhythms and expectations of daily life.

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25
Q

Define performance skills

A

The goal directed actions that contribute to occupational performance, including motor, process, and social interaction.

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26
Q

Define planes of motion

A

The fixed planes that segments of human body move through or parallel to; include the Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

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27
Q

Define purposeful movement

A

Meaningful, goal-directed motion

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28
Q

Define 2nd class lever

A

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis , with the resistive force closer to the axis

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29
Q

Define strain

A

The amount of material displacement under a specific amount of stress

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30
Q

Define stress

A

The amount of applied force per area

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31
Q

Define surface anatomy

A

The feature of anatomy that are palpable or visible on the surface of the skin

32
Q

Define 3rd class lever

A

A lever arranged with the exerted and resistive forces on the same side of an axis, with the exerted force closer to the axis

33
Q

Define torque

A

The turning affect of a force or its ability to rotate an object

34
Q

Define Young modulus

A

A method for measuring and representing the relative stiffness of a particular material

35
Q

Define caudal

A

Beneath, or toward the “tail”

36
Q

Same side of the body is define as….

A

Ipsilateral

37
Q

Opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

38
Q

True or False:

Skeletal muscle generally has 2 or more attachments to bones of the body

A

True

39
Q

True or False:

The origin is proximal

A

True

40
Q

True or false :

The insertion is distal

A

True

41
Q

What plane divides the right and left sides of the body?

A

Sagittal

42
Q

What plane divides the anterior and posterior side of the body?

A

Frontal or coronal plane

43
Q

What plane divides the inferior and superior portions of the body?

A

Transverse

44
Q

Define isotonic

A

Muscle contractions with a change in length and joint motion

45
Q

Define isometric

A

Muscle contractions without a change in length

46
Q
  • sprain
  • permanent deformation of tissue but retaining continuity is defined as
A

Plastic deformation

47
Q

The maximum stress that can be sustained before tissue failure is defined as

A

Yield point

48
Q
  • connect to bone to bone
    Joint stability is defined as
A

Ligaments

49
Q

Connect muscle to bone, transfer force is defined as

A

Tendons

50
Q

Contains synovial fluid, passive stability, dense fibrous sleeve around synovial joint is defined as

A

Joint capsule

51
Q

Fibrous insertion that connects adjacent muscles is defined as

A

Aponeurosis

52
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Skeletal (striated)
Cardiac (heart)
Smooth (visceral)

53
Q

Long cylinder strands of contractile proteins are called

A

Myofibrils

54
Q

Contractile units of a muscle are called

A

Sarcomeres

55
Q

Protein composing thin filaments are

A

Actin

56
Q

Protein composing thick filaments, forms central shaft of each sarcomeres is called

A

Myosin

57
Q

Stabilizing border around myosin and limits excursion is called

A

Thin filaments

58
Q

Connects actin filaments and divide sarcomere is called

A

Z disc

59
Q

Maximal contact between articular surfaces, maximal a tension on surrounding ligaments, an example of a knee in full extension is called what position?

A

Closed-pack position

60
Q

Least surface contact, laxity of surrounding ligaments, increased mobility of joint is called what position

A

Open-packed position

61
Q

Which of the following describes the arrangement of a 3rd class lever:

Axis, exerted force, external force
Axis, external force, exerted force
Exerted force, axis, external force
External force, axis, exerted force

A

Axis, exerted force, external force

62
Q

Which word is most synonymous with “moment”?

Force
Torque
Synergy
Lever

A

Torque

63
Q

The biomechanical concept referring to limited joint range of motion due to muscle tightness or shortening is termed:

Active insufficiently
Load to failure
Yield point
Passive insufficiency

A

Passive insufficiency

64
Q

Which term refers to the movement of joint surfaces relative to to one another?

Osteokinematics
Arthrokinematics
AROM
PROM

A

Arthrokinematics

65
Q

Which of the following is an example of comprehensive force in the body?

The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body
The force exerted by a tendon to move a bone
The force exerted by the muscle of the trunk to stabilize the core
The force of multiple muscles acting on a joint

A

The force btwn adjacent vertebrae of the spine from the weight of the body

66
Q

Which type of bone is light and porous, typically found in the ends of large weight-bearing bones?

Cortical bone
Diaphysis
Compact bone
Cancellous bone

A

Cancellous bone

67
Q

Which muscle fibers generate low force sustained over a long period \, are resistant to fatigue, and make up many of the core (postural) muscles?

Fast-twitch muscle fibers
Moderate-twitch muscle fibers
Slow-twitch muscle fibers
Penance muscle fibers

A

Slow-twitch muscle fibers

68
Q

What type of muscle fibers that are oblique (slanted) in relation to central tendon and are capable of large force production?

Pennate muscles
Parallel muscles
Sphincter muscles
Golgi tendon

A

Pennate muscles

69
Q

Carrying a box w/ the elbows, wrists, and hands in a static (stable) position is an example of what type of muscle contraction?

Isotonic
Isometric
Plyometric
Fast-twitch

A

Isometric`

70
Q

Flexion of the shoulder occurs primarily in which plane of motion?

Transverse
Frontal
Sagittal
Coronal

A

Sagittal

71
Q

Spherical surface fits into concave depression, most mobile, rotates around 3 axes is defined what type of joint?

A

Ball-and-socket

72
Q

Oval- shaped convex end articulates with elliptical concave basin of another, motion around 2 axes are defined as what type of joint?

A

Ellipsoid

73
Q

Motion around single axis, only flexion and extension, collateral ligaments limiting medial and lateral movement is what type of joint?

A

Hinge

74
Q

Modified ellisoid joint, convex and concave articulating surfaces, motion around 2 axes is what type of joint?

A

Saddle

75
Q

2 flat surfaces of adjacent bones, least movement, translation (gliding) movements btwn surfaces are what type of joints?

A

Gliding

76
Q

Motion around one axis, bones rotating around another is what type of joint?

A

Pivot

Kinesiology (19 decks)

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