Quiz: Applied Sciences and Nutritional Concepts Flashcards
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Which of the following best describes the energy pathway used during a 400-meter sprint?
ATP-PC system and anaerobic glycolysis. Explanation: A 400-meter sprint relies on the ATP-PC system for immediate energy and anaerobic glycolysis for sustained energy production, due to the high intensity and short duration of the activity, which does not allow for sufficient oxygen uptake for aerobic metabolism.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone. Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. It increases calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bone, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion in the kidneys.
During resistance training, which type of muscle action creates the greatest amount of muscle tension?
Eccentric. Explanation: Eccentric muscle actions, where the muscle lengthens under tension, typically generate the greatest amount of muscle tension compared to concentric and isometric actions. This is due to the mechanical and neural factors involved in controlling the lengthening process.
Which of the following nutrients is primarily used for energy during the first few seconds of high-intensity exercise?
Phosphocreatine (PCr). Explanation: Phosphocreatine (PCr) is used for immediate energy production during the first few seconds of high-intensity exercise, providing ATP for muscle contraction before other energy systems are upregulated.
Which of the following would be considered a high-leverage exercise for developing core stability?
Plank. Explanation: The plank exercise is considered a high-leverage exercise for developing core stability because it requires the activation of multiple core muscles to maintain a neutral spine and pelvis position, effectively engaging the entire core complex.
In terms of biomechanics, what is the primary function of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO)?
To regulate muscle tension by inhibiting excessive contraction. Explanation: The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension. It acts to inhibit muscle contraction when tension becomes too high, thereby protecting muscles from potential injury due to excessive force.
Which of the following dietary supplements is most commonly associated with contributing to ATP production for short-duration, high-intensity exercise?
Creatine. Explanation: Creatine supplementation is most commonly associated with increased ATP production, particularly beneficial for short-duration, high-intensity exercise. It helps regenerate ATP more quickly, allowing for improved performance in such activities.
In the context of energy expenditure, what is the effect of the thermic effect of food (TEF) on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)?
It increases TDEE due to the energy required for digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients. Explanation: The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the increase in metabolic rate after ingestion of food, due to the energy required for digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients. This process increases total daily energy expenditure (TDEE).
Which amino acid is considered essential for promoting nitric oxide production and improving blood flow during exercise?
Arginine. Explanation: Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the production of nitric oxide, a compound that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow during exercise, enhancing oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles.
What is the primary function of the sliding filament theory in muscle contraction?
It explains the process by which myosin and actin filaments slide past each other to shorten the muscle. Explanation: The sliding filament theory describes the mechanism of muscle contraction, where myosin heads bind to actin filaments and, through a series of movements powered by ATP, pull the actin filaments closer together, shortening the muscle fiber.
Which type of muscle fibers are primarily used during aerobic endurance activities?
Type I fibers. Explanation: Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow-twitch fibers, are primarily utilized during aerobic endurance activities due to their high oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance, allowing for prolonged muscular contraction over time.
In biomechanics, what is the term used to describe the motion of a body around a central axis?
Angular motion. Explanation: Angular motion refers to the movement of a body part around a central axis or point, which is common in many athletic and daily activities, involving the rotation of limbs or the entire body.
The process by which the central nervous system integrates sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response is known as:
Motor learning. Explanation: Motor learning is the process through which the central nervous system integrates sensory information, considers it within the context of previous experiences, and uses this information to produce and refine motor responses, leading to improved performance and skill acquisition over time.
