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Personal Trainer > July 9 > Flashcards

July 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Does blood pressure higher than 120/80 mm Hg count as hypertension?

A

Yes

Higher than 120/80 mm Hg is hypertension

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2
Q

Empathy is best described as?

Listening to a client but not providing any support

Providing instrumental support to an individual

The ability to identify with how another person feels

Being positive and outgoing during training sessions

A

The ability to identify with how another person feels

Empathy is defined as the ability to identify with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts.

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3
Q

A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her?

Autonomy motivation

Extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation

Affiliation motivation

A

Extrinsic motivation

Not autonomy, Autonomy motivation refers to wanting complete control over one’s life.

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4
Q

What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements?

Reverse listing

Stopping

Cognitive fusion

Imagery

A

Reverse listing

Not cognitive fusion, which occurs when clients believe their thoughts to be true.

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5
Q

T/F

Cognitive fusion occurs when clients believe their thoughts to be true

A

True

occurs when clients believe their thoughts to be true.

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6
Q

When a client makes a statement that supports their current behavior, what is this called?

Sustain talk

An affirmation

A collecting summary

Change talk

A

sustain talk

Sustain talk is when a client argues for the status quo.

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7
Q

Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?

The community

Exercise leader

Exercise group

Family

A

Family

Older adults often cite needing family support to participate in exercise.

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8
Q

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?

Informational support

Companionship support

Instrumental support

Emotional support

A

Instrumental support

Instrumental support can be defined as actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen.

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9
Q

T/F

Instrumental support can be defined as actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen.

A

true

That is true
Instrumental support can be defined as actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen.

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10
Q

T/F

When a client indicates that she finds it difficult to complete a workout on her own, she is likely in need of companionship support

A

True

This client needs companionship support, as she finds it difficult to work out on her own.

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11
Q

T/F

Loaning some exercise bands to a client who is scheduled to go on vacation is an example of Instrumental support

A

True

Providing someone with workout bands is a tangible way to support their exercise behavior, and it is considered an example of instrumental support.

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12
Q

Which of the following is one of the three integrated systems in the human movement system?
A
The nervous system
B
The lymphatic system
C
The respiratory system
D
The integumentary system

A

A
The nervous system

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13
Q

T/F

A neuron is a specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

True

That’s what the test said its true

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14
Q

The interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord is neurocircuitry

A

True

Some word the test said is that

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15
Q

rigid rods (usually along a long bone) where muscles attach are called _____

A

Levers

Rigid rods (usually a long bone) where muscles attach are Levers

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16
Q

Special cells that form and lay down new bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

They black new bone tissue

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17
Q

Special cells that break down and remove old bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

Class is boring and u want to leave

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18
Q

Composed of five vertebrae that fuse together as the body develops

A

Sacrum

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19
Q

Composed of three to five small, fused bones

A

Coccyx

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20
Q

T/F

Both the coccyx and the sacrum are composed of fused bones

A

True

But the Sacrum is Composed of five vertebrae that fuse together as the body develops

The coccyx is Composed of three to five small, fused bones

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21
Q

What does the term osteokinematics refer to?
A
Bone formation
B
Joint movement
C
Bone movement
D
Bone weakness

A

C
Bone movement

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22
Q

T/F

Osteokinematics refers to joint movement

A

False

It refers to bone movement

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23
Q

What are the most common joints in the human body?

A

Synovial joints

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24
Q

joint Allows movement in all three directions

A

Ball-and-socket joint

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25
Q

Joint allows movement predominantly in one direction (uniaxial)

A

Hinge joint

26
Q

Joint that is found only in the metacarpal joint in the thumb

A

Saddle joint

27
Q

Inner layer of fascia that directly surrounds an entire muscle

A

Epimysium

28
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds a muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

29
Q

he largest bundles of fibers within a muscle

A

Fascicle

30
Q

Connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers within a fascicle

A

Endomysium

31
Q

What are myofibrils?
A
Contractile components of a muscle cell
B
Junctions or small gaps between motor neurons and muscle cells
C
Protein-based molecules that carry oxygen into the muscle
D
Thin, stringlike myofilaments that act with myosin to produce muscle contraction

A

Contractile components of a muscle cell

32
Q

Which of the following refers to the series of steps in muscle contraction?
A
Lengthening reaction
B
Integrative performance paradigm
C
The sliding filament theory
D
Stretch-shortening cycle

A

C
The sliding filament theory

33
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

Joint receptors

Golgi tendon organs

Interneurons

Muscle spindles

A

Golgi tendon organs

34
Q

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

Type IIa

Type I

Type III

Type IIx

A

Type I

Because of their increased oxygen demands, type I fibers have a larger number of capillaries and are often referred to as “red fibers.”

35
Q

T/F

Because of their increased oxygen demands, type I fibers have a larger number of capillaries and are often referred to as “red fibers.”

A

True

that’s true

Because of their increased oxygen demands, type I fibers have a larger number of capillaries and are often referred to as “red fibers.”

36
Q

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

A

Long

37
Q

What are the two categories of bone markings?

Irregular and flat

Surface and deep

Depressions and processes

Short and long

A

Depressions and processes

38
Q

T/F

The majority of all bones have surface marking

A

True

39
Q

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

The site of muscular contractions

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

Exposing actin-binding sites

The sliding filament theory

A

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

This junction is a small gap between a motor neuron and muscle cell known as a synapse.

40
Q

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

A

neuromuscular junction

41
Q

Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions?

Pivot

Ball-and-socket

Hinge

Saddle

A

Ball-and-socket

Ball-and-socket joints are the most mobile of the joints. They allow movement in all three directions.

42
Q

What is the right side of the heart referred to as?
A
The pump side
B
The return side
C
The pulmonic side
D
The systemic side

A

The pulmonic side

43
Q

What is stroke volume?

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

A

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

43
Q

What would be considered a normal resting heart rate for a healthy sedentary person?

120 beats per minute

50 beats per minute

80 beats per minute

105 beats per minute

A

80 beats per minute

Not 50
A resting heart rate of 50 BPM would be normal only for an active population. In a sedentary population, it would be classified as bradycardia.

44
Q

The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?

Testosterone

Insulin

Insulin-like growth factor

Growth hormone

A

Insulin

44
Q

T/F

The pancreas secretes both insulin and glucagon.

A

True

both
The pancreas secretes both insulin and glucagon.

45
Q

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Left atrium

A

Left atrium

46
Q

Which type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone?

Overload training that is of a high intensity with prolonged rest periods

Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods

Overload training that is of low intensity with prolonged rest periods

Overload training that is of a low intensity with limited rest periods

A

Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods

Its that one

Prolonged rest periods have not been shown to support the increase of IGF, growth hormone, and testosterone.

47
Q

Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?

Large intestine

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

A

Small intestine

Absorption does not occur in the stomach.

48
Q

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

A

Left ventricle

Not right atrium
The right atrium gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins.

49
Q

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Left ventricle

Pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Left atrium

A

Left atrium

Not left ventricle
The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body.

50
Q

T/F: Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

A

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

51
Q

T/F

Prolonged bouts of training or overtraining have been found raise cortisol levels. Under these circumstances, catabolism (breakdown) is likely to outstrip anabolism (buildup) and impair performance.

A

True

that shit true

52
Q

The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?

Trachea

Alveolar sacs

Pulmonary arteries

Bronchioles

A

Alveolar sacs

Gases such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are transported in and out of the bloodstream through a process known as diffusion, which occurs in the alveolar sacs.

53
Q

Gases such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are transported in and out of the bloodstream through a process known as _____, which occurs in the alveolar sacs.

A

Diffusion

54
Q

Gases such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are transported in and out of the bloodstream through a process known as diffusion, which occurs in the ________

A

alveolar sacs.

55
Q

What is the imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

A

The sagittal plane

56
Q

What are the components of ATP?

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Adenine, glucose, and one phosphate group

Adenine, amino acids, and three phosphate groups

Adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups

A

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

57
Q

Are amino acids a component of ATP?

A

No

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

From this question:
What are the components of ATP?

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Adenine, glucose, and one phosphate group

Adenine, amino acids, and three phosphate groups

Adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups
Not quite!
You answered incorrectly.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

58
Q

T/F

During intermittent work (such as in team sports), all three energy systems will be needed at some point during the intermittent activity.

A

True

During intermittent work (such as in team sports), the different intensity levels will also have different durations, and all three energy systems will be needed at some point during the intermittent activity.

59
Q

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

As ATP

As exhaled carbon dioxide

As water

As exhaled oxygen

A

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

As ATP

As exhaled carbon dioxide

As water

As exhaled oxygen

60
Q
A

Personal Trainer (14 decks)

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