Quiz 9: Sidman (Ch 56) Flashcards
In the afferent system conveying information about muscle _____, there is a minimum of _____ neurons between muscle and cerebellum.
tone; two
What happens to afferent impulses arising in skeletal muscles of the face? For example, what becomes of the impulses recording muscle tone and helping to control movements of the jaws? First, review the counterparts of these afferent impulses that arise in skeletal muscle of the limbs or neck.
Primary neuron cell body is in
Limb muscles: spinal ganglia
Neck muscles: spinal ganglia
What happens to afferent impulses arising in skeletal muscles of the face? For example, what becomes of the impulses recording muscle tone and helping to control movements of the jaws? First, review the counterparts of these afferent impulses that arise in skeletal muscle of the limbs or neck.
Secondary neuron cell body is in _____, _____ nucleus located in the _____ _____
Limb muscles: posterior horn
Neck muscles: external cuneate nucleus
Limb muscles: thoracic (also upper lumbar and lower cervical) cord
Neck muscles: medulla
What happens to afferent impulses arising in skeletal muscles of the face? For example, what becomes of the impulses recording muscle tone and helping to control movements of the jaws? First, review the counterparts of these afferent impulses that arise in skeletal muscle of the limbs or neck.
Secondary axons ascend to the _____, _____ on the _____ side, _____ side
Limb muscles: cerebellum
Neck muscles: cerebellum
Limb muscles: ipsilateral side
Neck muscles: ipsilateral side
Afferents from jaw and extraocular muscles have a most unusual course. Like the somesthetic afferents of the face, they reach the CNS via the _____ nerve, but as the diagram shows, the primary neuron cell body is unique in lying _____side the CNS.
trigeminal; inside
The only nucleus inside the brain that is the equivalent of a sensory ganglion (see diagram) is the _____ nucleus of V. Draw fingers connecting skeletal muscle and the labelled neuron cell bodies. Draw an arrow to indicate the direction of impulse conduction. The mesencephalic nucleus of V and the trigeminal ganglion both contain _____ary neuronal cell bodies.
mesencephalic; primary
lines going up from two dots on muscle through bottom valve to two dots on mesencephalic nucleus of V
Impulses routed through the mesencephalic nucleus of V give “unconscious” information about _____ _____. Some of these impulses probably reach the _____. Other impulses are relayed from the mesencephalic nucleus to the main sensory nucleus of V, which suggests that other information, in addition to that referred to in the first sentence above, may be transmitted from skeletal muscles via the _____ nucleus of V.
muscle tone; cerebellum; mesencephalic
Mesencephalon is another name for midbrain. The trigeminal system has one set of primary neurons in a cranial sensory _____ and another set broadly distributed in the pons and _____ regions of the brainstem. Secondary neuronal cell bodies of the trigeminal system lie in the _____ and _____ regions of the brainstem and in the _____ region of the spinal cord, down to about segment number _____.
ganglion; midbrain; pons; medulla; cervical; C4
On the picture, draw the relationship between the trigeminal ganglia, the Vth nerve, and the three trigeminal nucleus illustrated. Use arrows to indicate a fiber emerging from a cell body and an “X” to indicate a synaptic ending. Draw an arrow on the mesencephalic root of V to indicate the direction of impulse conduction.
draw lines going up to two dots
draw arrow pointing into CN V
draw arrow going up to two dots
draw 2 line going out from under two dots and X
draw 2 line on downward line and X
Arrows point to the mesencephalic root of V, distributed through the superior part of the pons and the inferior part of the midbrain. All neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus of V connect peripherally to _____ via the _____ nerve.
muscle; Vth
The trigeminal nerve contains efferent fibers terminating in muscles that we use to _____. The nerve also carries afferent fibers. Those fibers mediating pain and temperature synapse in the _____ _____ of _____. Those fibers mediating touch and pressure send branches both to the _____ _____ and the _____ _____. Those fibers mediating tone and possibly other information from muscles have primary cell bodies in the _____ nucleus.
chew; spinal nucleus of V; main sensory; spinal nucleus; mesencephalic
The trigeminal system is concerned with somatic sensory functions. The solitarius system is concerned with general and special _____ sensory functions.
visceral
Begin at the geniculate and nodose (inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve) ganglia on the diagram and draw affirmed roots (like the one from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve [petrosal]) entering the lateral medulla and descending a bit in the tractus solitarius. Number the roots VII, IX, and X. Sensory fingers descending in the tractus solitarius follow a course reminiscent of the fiber arrangement in the _____ _____ of _____.
spinal tract of V
Lines going into three parts
VII on top, IX on middle, X on bottom
Both the spinal tract of V and the tractus solitaries run lengthwise in the medulla and are composed of the central fingers of _____ary afferent neurons. Of the two brainstem sensory systems, the _____ is more segmentally arranged and receives many impulses via the ganglia of nerves _____, _____, _____, and _____.
primary; trigeminal; V; VII; IX; X
The fibers of the tracts solitarius run lengthwise in the medulla and are surrounded by nerve cells with which they synapse. These nerve cells, collectively named the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, are the _____ary afferent cells. In a transverse section, the solitarius system appears thus:
Draw lines from the labels to the appropriate parts of the diagram.
secondary
Tractus solitarius: white dot in middle
Nucleus of the tractus solitarius: black dot in mid side (4 away)
