Quiz 5: Sidman (Ch 59)

Question 1

Functional loss resulting from peripheral lesions of the cranial nerves depends on the location of the _____. For the purpose of emphasizing the function of each nerve, we will assume that the nerves are damaged near the brainstem and that the deficits will only affect one nerve.

Answer 1

lesion

Question 2

Lesions of the _____ nerve, such as may occur in fracture of the ethmoid bone, lead to anosmia (loss of smell); because these neurons are capable of regeneration, smell often returns over time. Lesions of the _____ nerve lead to ipsilateral loss of vision.

Answer 2

olfactory; optic

Question 3

Lesions of the _____, _____, and/or _____ nerves affect eye movement. Damage to the oculomotor nerve results in a laterally deviated (lateral strabismus) depressed eye, diplopia (double vision) from the unopposed actions of the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles, a dilated pupil, ptosis, and a loss of accommodation (close-up focus) from compromised parasympathetics. Lesion of the trochlear nerve leads to paralysis of the _____ oblique muscle. The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus; lesion of CN VI leads to _____ _____ (medial deviation of the eye).

Answer 3

oculomotor; trochlear; abducens; superior; medial strabismus

Question 4

Trigeminal nerve lesions lead to specific and predictable sensory deficits from the _____lateral face, dependent upon which division is lesioned. Furthermore, lesion of the _____ division affects the muscles of mastication as well as _____ over the mandible. The trigeminal nerve also serves as the _____fferent limb of the corneal blink reflex, and so a failure in blinking May indicate ophthalmic division damage.

Answer 4

ipsilateral; mandibular; sensation; afferent

Question 5

Characteristics of the facial nerve lesions such as that may occur during trauma or childbirth include paralysis of the facial _____, loss of the efferent limb of the corneal blink reflex, decreased _____ and tear production, and loss of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Answer 5

musculature; saliva

Question 6

Lesion of cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulo_____ nerve, leads to ipsilateral deafness and problems with _____ and equilibrium.

Answer 6

vestibulocochlear; balance

Question 7

The glosso_____ nerve conveys sensation from the pharynx; lesions manifest themselves most obviously as a decreased gag reflex, the motor aspect of which is mediated by cranial nerve _____.

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal; X

Question 8

Lesions of the vagus nerve produce dramatic and widespread results. Place a check next to some of the possible results of a lesion of the vagus nerve near its origin.
_____ increased heart rate
_____ decreased heart rate
_____ increased gastric motility
_____ decreased gastric motility
_____ dilated pupil
_____ constricted pupil
_____ bronchodilation
_____ bronchoconstriction

Answer 8

Check: increased heart rate, decreased gastric motility, bronchodilation

Question 9

Many of the results of the vagal nerve lesion checked in the previous item are the result of the unopposed actions of the _____ nervous system.

Answer 9

sympathetic

Question 10

Other obvious effects of vagal nerve damage include a lack of the motor component of the _____ reflex and a horse voice due to paralysis of the ipsilateral vocal cord.

Answer 10

gag

Question 11

The _____ _____ nerve provides motor innervation to the trapezius and _____ muscles. Damage to this nerve causes _____lateral paralysis of these muscles.

Answer 11

spinal accessory; sternocleidomastoid; ipsilateral

Question 12

A lesion of the hypoglossal nerve causes ipsilateral paralysis of the _____. The tongue deviates toward the side of the lesioned nerve upon protrusion.

Answer 12

tongue

Question 13

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Anosmia -

Answer 13

Anosmia - I

Question 14

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Tongue paralysis -

Answer 14

Tongue paralysis - XII

Question 15

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Paralysis of the lateral rectus -

Answer 15

Paralysis of the lateral rectus - VI

Question 16

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of the afferent limb of the gag reflex -

Answer 16

Loss of the afferent limb of the gag reflex - IX

Question 17

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Blindness -

Answer 17

Blindness - II

Question 18

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris -

Answer 18

Paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris - III

Question 19

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Decreased lacrimation -

Answer 19

Decreased lacrimation - VII

Question 20

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Paralysis of the muscles of mastication -

Answer 20

Paralysis of the muscles of mastication - V

Question 21

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of sensation over the cheek -

Answer 21

Loss of sensation over the cheek - V

Question 22

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue -

Answer 22

Loss of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue - VII

Question 23

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Paralysis of the vocal cords -

Answer 23

Paralysis of the vocal cords - X

Question 24

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Inability to construct the pupil -

Answer 24

Inability to constrict the pupil - III

Question 25

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Deafness -

Answer 25

Deafness - VIII

Question 26

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of gastric motility -

Answer 26

Loss of gastric motility - X

Question 27

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Decreased saliva from parotid gland

Answer 27

Decreased saliva from parotid gland - IX

Question 28

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss balance and equilibrium -

Answer 28

Loss balance and equilibrium - VIII

Question 29

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Lateral strabismus -

Answer 29

Lateral strabismus - III

Question 30

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of the afferent limb of the corneal blink reflex -

Answer 30

Loss of the afferent limb of the corneal blink reflex - V

Question 31

Write the number of the cranial nerve next to the condition with which it is associated.
Loss of the efferent limb of the corneal blink reflex -

Answer 31

Loss of the efferent limb of the corneal blink reflex - VII