Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNB 2774 > Quiz 9- Sensory physiology > Flashcards

Quiz 9- Sensory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

negative feedback systems depend on

A

collection of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensation

A

detection of stimuli at an unconscious level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

perception

A

detection of a stimulus on a conscious level based upon sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

perception detected in

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sensation and perception is divided into

A

general and special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stimuli for sensation

A

heart rate, blood pressure, proprioception, feedback from muscle, blood concentration of critical solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stimuli for perception

A

sight, sound, taste, touch, pain, gravity, temp, pressure, itching, hunger satiety, balance, muscle pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cerebral cortex is not a digital computer…

A

its an analog device
operation using continuous changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

perception is selective BUT

A

pain cannot be ignored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

selective awareness

A

there is a huge volume of info collected each second by the brain you cannot be consciously aware of it all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

selective awareness is not a ____ its a ____

A

limitation
necessity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all detection of sensation and perceptions is detected by…

A

proteins
requires proteins to signal to neurons by change in shape (allosteric coupling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allosteric coupling must lead to

A

development of AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

correct detection of the sensation is dependent on…

A

which region of the brain the info is communicated with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the region of the brain allows for…

A

projection of sensation onto a mental map of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensory receptors: external

A

skin
per square cm: 200 pain receptors, 15 mechanoreceptors (7 detect changes in surface temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sensory receptors: internal

A

major organs, muscles, blood vessels, bones
not all organs can detect the same thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

body values detection of ____ over ____

A

physical damage
changes in temp or cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

electrophysiology

A

changing electrical properties of cerebral cortex neurons is the final destination for sensory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

coding stimulus

A

analog to digital conversion
response is proportional to intensity
intensity indicated by AP firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of sensory receptors

A

mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
thermoreceptors
photoreceptors
nociceptors
non-human receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

complex info about mechanical forces applied to cells
(bending, twisting, deforming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detect specific chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thermoreceptors

A

detect heat and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

photoreceptors

A

detect light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nociceptors

A

detect physical damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

non-human sensory receptors

A

electrical and magnetic fields
UV light
infrasound
infrared radiation

28
Q

Categories of sensory receptors

A

exteroceptors
interoceptors

29
Q

exteroceptors

A

response to external info

30
Q

interoceptors

A

response to internal info
- visceral= associated w large organs
- somatic= muscles and skeleton

31
Q

Structural categories

A

simple-dendritic end
complex

32
Q

simple

A

free nerve endings: pain, temp, odors
encapsulate: pressure, touch (used to detect more powerful stimuli
easily replaced

33
Q

complex

A

roads and cones= vision
hair cells= hearing, equilibrium
modified epithelial cells= taste

34
Q

Law of specific nerve endings

A

type of stimulus a receptor is most sensitive to
regardless of stimulus modality, only one sensory modality will be perceived

35
Q

hallucinogenics dont alter _____ but alter ___

A

info sent to brain by sensory receptors
the interpretation of that info

36
Q

sensitivity

A

vision- 1 photon of red light in darkened room
auditory- deformation of tempanic membrane of 1/100 diameter of H atom
propioceptive- change in 0.1 degree of angle

37
Q

Augmenting sensitivity

A

once evolution has designed a functional sensory cell it is more advantageous to modify existing systems than create a new system

38
Q

log compression

A

log relationship between stimulus intensity and graded potentials/AP rates

39
Q

Why log compression?

A

range of environmental stimulus is too great for there to be a linear relationship between stimulus intensity and AP firing

40
Q

Sensory Adaptations

A

large receptive field
range functionation
signal/noise averaging
lateral inhibition

41
Q

large receptor field

A

skin hair follicles- innervation by same sensory cell
trading acuity for sensitivity
surface area of skin given over to a specific cell

42
Q

range fractionation

A

assign simple cells to cover a large range
each cell covers a smaller part of range

43
Q

Signal to Noise averaging

A

carefully measure random AP signal spikes in absence of stimulus
average over time to determine range

44
Q

lateral inhibition

A

sharpening edges or corners
most highly stimulated cells inhibit those less stimulated

45
Q

Two types of adaptation

A

phasic
tonic

46
Q

Phasic adapting

A

fast
short burst of AP, cease firing, and fire at end of stimulation

47
Q

tonic adapting

A

slow
AP at onset and throughout stimulus

48
Q

Conduction velocity

A

Aa afferents
AB afferents
As afferents
C afferents

49
Q

Aa afferents

A

highly myelinated
proprioception
fastest and thickest

50
Q

Ab afferents

A

highly myelinated
slow adapting
proprioception, touch

51
Q

As afferents

A

lightly myelinated
pain and temp

52
Q

C afferents

A

unmyelinated
damage, itch, burn
thinnest and slowest

53
Q

Receptive field

A

anatomical area from which a sensory receptor collects info
Two types
- Type I
- Type II

54
Q

Type I

A

small receptive field
well defined borders
usually circular in shape
found on glabrous skin (hairless)

55
Q

Type II

A

wide receptive field
poorly defined borders
finger is a common site

56
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanistically they share a similarity of sensitivity to cell membrane deformation
structurally distinct detection of different mechanical forces

57
Q

Simple Branches

A

free nerve ending
sensitive
repairable
easily damages
Two types
- exteroceptors
-interoceptors

58
Q

exteroceptors

A

pain, touch, tickle, itch, temp
sensitivity instead of acuity

59
Q

interoceptors

A

proprioception

60
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A

stim= pressure, texture
r.f.= 2-100mm
fr= 0-100Hz
sensitivity= 30um
afferent nerve= Aa
a.r.= slow

61
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

stim= light touch
r.f.= 1-100mm
fr= 10-50 Hz
sensitivity= 2um
afferent nerve= Aa
a.r.= rapid

62
Q

Krause Bulb

A

stim= pressure, touch
r.f.= 10-100mm
fr= 0-25 Hz
sensitivity= 1-5um
afferent nerve= As
a.r.= rapid

63
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

stim= vibration, pressure
r.f.= 0.01-1mm
fr= 5-1000 Hz
sensitivity= 10um
afferent nerve= Aa
a.r.= rapid

64
Q

Ruffini end organs

A

stim= stretch
r.f.= 10-500 mm
fr= 0-8 Hz
sensitivity= 40um
afferent nerve= Aa
a.r.= slow

65
Q

Free nerve endings

A

stim= touch, pressure, stretch, damage, temp
r.f.= 2-500mm
sensitivity= varied
afferent nerve= Aa, As, C
a.r.= slow to rapid

PNB 2774 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions