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PNB 2774 > Quiz 9- Sensory physiology > Flashcards

Quiz 9- Sensory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

negative feedback systems depend on

A

collection of data

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2
Q

sensation

A

detection of stimuli at an unconscious level

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3
Q

perception

A

detection of a stimulus on a conscious level based upon sensation

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4
Q

perception detected in

A

cerebral cortex

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5
Q

sensation and perception is divided into

A

general and special senses

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6
Q

stimuli for sensation

A

heart rate, blood pressure, proprioception, feedback from muscle, blood concentration of critical solutes

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7
Q

stimuli for perception

A

sight, sound, taste, touch, pain, gravity, temp, pressure, itching, hunger satiety, balance, muscle pressure

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8
Q

cerebral cortex is not a digital computer…

A

its an analog device
operation using continuous changes

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9
Q

perception is selective BUT

A

pain cannot be ignored

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10
Q

selective awareness

A

there is a huge volume of info collected each second by the brain you cannot be consciously aware of it all

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11
Q

selective awareness is not a ____ its a ____

A

limitation
necessity

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12
Q

all detection of sensation and perceptions is detected by…

A

proteins
requires proteins to signal to neurons by change in shape (allosteric coupling)

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13
Q

allosteric coupling must lead to

A

development of AP

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14
Q

correct detection of the sensation is dependent on…

A

which region of the brain the info is communicated with

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15
Q

the region of the brain allows for…

A

projection of sensation onto a mental map of the body

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16
Q

Sensory receptors: external

A

skin
per square cm: 200 pain receptors, 15 mechanoreceptors (7 detect changes in surface temp)

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17
Q

sensory receptors: internal

A

major organs, muscles, blood vessels, bones
not all organs can detect the same thing

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18
Q

body values detection of ____ over ____

A

physical damage
changes in temp or cell shape

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19
Q

electrophysiology

A

changing electrical properties of cerebral cortex neurons is the final destination for sensory info

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20
Q

coding stimulus

A

analog to digital conversion
response is proportional to intensity
intensity indicated by AP firing

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21
Q

types of sensory receptors

A

mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
thermoreceptors
photoreceptors
nociceptors
non-human receptors

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22
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

complex info about mechanical forces applied to cells
(bending, twisting, deforming)

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23
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detect specific chemicals

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24
Q

thermoreceptors

A

detect heat and cold

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25
photoreceptors
detect light
26
nociceptors
detect physical damage
27
non-human sensory receptors
electrical and magnetic fields UV light infrasound infrared radiation
28
Categories of sensory receptors
exteroceptors interoceptors
29
exteroceptors
response to external info
30
interoceptors
response to internal info - visceral= associated w large organs - somatic= muscles and skeleton
31
Structural categories
simple-dendritic end complex
32
simple
free nerve endings: pain, temp, odors encapsulate: pressure, touch (used to detect more powerful stimuli easily replaced
33
complex
roads and cones= vision hair cells= hearing, equilibrium modified epithelial cells= taste
34
Law of specific nerve endings
type of stimulus a receptor is most sensitive to regardless of stimulus modality, only one sensory modality will be perceived
35
hallucinogenics dont alter _____ but alter ___
info sent to brain by sensory receptors the interpretation of that info
36
sensitivity
vision- 1 photon of red light in darkened room auditory- deformation of tempanic membrane of 1/100 diameter of H atom propioceptive- change in 0.1 degree of angle
37
Augmenting sensitivity
once evolution has designed a functional sensory cell it is more advantageous to modify existing systems than create a new system
38
log compression
log relationship between stimulus intensity and graded potentials/AP rates
39
Why log compression?
range of environmental stimulus is too great for there to be a linear relationship between stimulus intensity and AP firing
40
Sensory Adaptations
large receptive field range functionation signal/noise averaging lateral inhibition
41
large receptor field
skin hair follicles- innervation by same sensory cell trading acuity for sensitivity surface area of skin given over to a specific cell
42
range fractionation
assign simple cells to cover a large range each cell covers a smaller part of range
43
Signal to Noise averaging
carefully measure random AP signal spikes in absence of stimulus average over time to determine range
44
lateral inhibition
sharpening edges or corners most highly stimulated cells inhibit those less stimulated
45
Two types of adaptation
phasic tonic
46
Phasic adapting
fast short burst of AP, cease firing, and fire at end of stimulation
47
tonic adapting
slow AP at onset and throughout stimulus
48
Conduction velocity
Aa afferents AB afferents As afferents C afferents
49
Aa afferents
highly myelinated proprioception fastest and thickest
50
Ab afferents
highly myelinated slow adapting proprioception, touch
51
As afferents
lightly myelinated pain and temp
52
C afferents
unmyelinated damage, itch, burn thinnest and slowest
53
Receptive field
anatomical area from which a sensory receptor collects info Two types - Type I - Type II
54
Type I
small receptive field well defined borders usually circular in shape found on glabrous skin (hairless)
55
Type II
wide receptive field poorly defined borders finger is a common site
56
mechanoreceptors
mechanistically they share a similarity of sensitivity to cell membrane deformation structurally distinct detection of different mechanical forces
57
Simple Branches
free nerve ending sensitive repairable easily damages Two types - exteroceptors -interoceptors
58
exteroceptors
pain, touch, tickle, itch, temp sensitivity instead of acuity
59
interoceptors
proprioception
60
Merkel's Disc
stim= pressure, texture r.f.= 2-100mm fr= 0-100Hz sensitivity= 30um afferent nerve= Aa a.r.= slow
61
Meissner's Corpuscle
stim= light touch r.f.= 1-100mm fr= 10-50 Hz sensitivity= 2um afferent nerve= Aa a.r.= rapid
62
Krause Bulb
stim= pressure, touch r.f.= 10-100mm fr= 0-25 Hz sensitivity= 1-5um afferent nerve= As a.r.= rapid
63
Pacinian Corpuscle
stim= vibration, pressure r.f.= 0.01-1mm fr= 5-1000 Hz sensitivity= 10um afferent nerve= Aa a.r.= rapid
64
Ruffini end organs
stim= stretch r.f.= 10-500 mm fr= 0-8 Hz sensitivity= 40um afferent nerve= Aa a.r.= slow
65
Free nerve endings
stim= touch, pressure, stretch, damage, temp r.f.= 2-500mm sensitivity= varied afferent nerve= Aa, As, C a.r.= slow to rapid

PNB 2774 (17 decks)

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