Quiz 10- motor Flashcards
principle of human movement
movement is a conscious act
most movements are stereotypic and improved with practice
movements are dependent on feedback info supplied by muscles, joints, bones, and soft tissue
descending motor tracts
motor tracts begin in either cortex or brainstem and travels out of cord through ventral root
striated muscle controlled voluntarily
smooth muscle controlled at unconscious level
primary motor cortex
somatotopic arrangement of neurons
population vectors- motor neurons control direction of muscle movement by alteration of firing rates
Betz cells control movement
premotor cortex
anterior to primary cortex
contains smaller and fewer pyramidal cells
mirror neurons
motor memory
contextual muscle movement
mirror neurons
control of movement in response to visual/auditory cues
yawning
contextual muscle movement
difference between moving your arm to wave compared to high fiving
motor neurons
control skeletal muscle
a-motor neurons
y-motor neuron
a-motor neurons
innervate extrafusal fibers
excitatory
y-motor neurons
innervate intrafusal fibers
inhibitory
motor initiation
striated muscle initiated in the cortex
movement is dependent on cerebellum- feedback from proprioception
supplementary motor cortex
contains motor neurons controlling complex or sequential movement
bilateral muscle movement
calculation of needed strength, distance, and direction
complex movements require help from…
supplementary motor cortex
association cortex
modification of muscle movements initiated by primary and premotor cortexes
Tourette syndrome
deficit in association cortex
Brainstem
location of 1st motor neurons along with primary and premotor cortex
basal nuclei
release excitatory glutamate to internal globus pallidus (IGP)
inhibits IGP, removing inhibition of thalamus, allowing movement
cerebellum
modification and modulation of upper motor impulses
ensures muscle movements are precise and accurate
Direct tracts
pyramidal
corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract
corticobulbar tract
via cranial nerves, innervation of jaw, face, pharynx, tongue
chewing, facial expressions, etc.
corticospinal tract
via pons to medulla, fibers split and cross over
indirect tracts
extrapyramidal
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal tract
control of balance and posture
input from inner ear/cerebellum and eyes
reticulospinal tract
control of axial and postural muscles associated with posture, locomotion, and muscle movement
rubrospinal tract
innervation of flexion muscles, origin in red nucleus
voluntary muscle movement
tectospinal tract
control of head position in response to visual stimuli
input from optic nerves
golgi tendon organ
found within muscle tendon
stimulated by tension and sends sensory info to cerebellum
