Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNB 2774 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane structure and function

A

structure: lipid bilayer
function: physical barrier, gateway for exchange, communication, and site of attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transcellular

A

transport that goes THROUGH the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

paracellular

A

transport that goes PARALLEL to the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

passive transport

A

materials move down gradient, no energy is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

active transport

A

materials move against gradient, requires energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four types of passive flux?

A

simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
bulk filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

simple diffusion

A

passive and random motion of molecules in solution
moving from high to low concentration
rapid over short distances
directly related to temp
indirectly related to molecular size and fluid viscocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
high solute conc.= low H2O conc.
cells with high solute conc. have high osmotic pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

isotonic solution

A

conc. of solute outside cell=conc inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hypertonic solution

A

conc. of solute outside cell>conc. inside the cell
water flows out (cell shrinks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypotonic solution

A

conc. of solute outside cell<conc. inside the cell
water flows in (cell swells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aquaporins

A

membrane-transport proteins providing a facilitated pathway for water flow through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

“easier diffusion”
movement from high to low conc. through a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bulk filtration

A

concentrated movement of large groups of molecules (often including water)
everything moves in the same direction
often occurs in response to pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fick’s law (equation)

A

Jnet=-Ds(dCs/dx)
- jnet= flu
- Ds= diffusion coefficient
- dCs/dx= concentration gradient of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fick’s Law says…

A

flux is PROPORTIONAL to temp, concentration gradient, area, and membrane permeability
flux is INVERSELY proportional to friction, molecule size, fluid viscosity, and membrane thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of Transporters

A

ion channel
carriers
pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ion channels

A

membrane proteins that, when open, act as a passive conduit for ions through the membrane
cycle between open and closed conformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ion channels gated by…

A

leaky
ligand
mechanical “pull”
voltage
some are sensitive to temp-how we detect hot/cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

leaky gated

A

channel randomly opens/closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ligand gated

A

chemical stimulus opens the channel

22
Q

mechanically gated

A

mechanical stimulus opens the channel

23
Q

voltage

A

change in membrane potential opens the channel

24
Q

Carriers/transporters

A

transport of solutes across a cell membrane
can facilitate active/passive transport

25
Q

mechanistic theme for carriers

A

conformational changes

26
Q

alternating access model

A

carriers cycle between multiple conformations in which a solute binding site is accessible on one side of the membrane or the other
never an open channel all the way through membrane

27
Q

occlusion state

A

state where the solute may not access either the inside or the outside

28
Q

Pumps

A

movement of molecules against concentration gradient

29
Q

Primary Active transport

A

directly requires ATP
movement of one (or more) solutes AGAINST their gradient using chemical energy (ATP)

30
Q

Secondary Active transport

A

utilizes energy stored in pre-existing conc. gradients
movement of one or more solutes down their conc. gradients provides the energy for the movement of other solutes AGAINST their conc. gradients

31
Q

uniport

A

movement of 1 thing in 1 direction

32
Q

symport

A

movement of 2+ things in the same direction

33
Q

antiport

A

movement of 2+ things in different directions

34
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

appears on surfaces
involved in exchange, transport, movement/clearing, protection, secretion, and sensation

35
Q

two types of secretion

A

duct (exocrine)- outside body
ductless (endocrine)- inside body

36
Q

merocrine

A

secretory products secreted by vesicular exocytosis
most common form, often continuous
ex. sweat and saliva

37
Q

apocrine

A

partial cellular breakdown (fragmentation)
cytoplasm and vesicular contents secreted
ex. milk and underarm sweat

38
Q

holocrine

A

entire cell lost with secretion
stem cells divide to replace lost cells
ex. oil glads

39
Q

types of intercellular junctions

A

tight junctions
adhering junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions

40
Q

tight junctions

A

“gatekeeper”
prevent substances from moving between cells
encircle cells near apical surface

41
Q

adhering junctions

A

actin-filament based systems
encircle cells immediately adjacent to all its neighbors
located deep to the tight junctions

42
Q

desmosomes

A

tie cells together
allow bending and twisting
do not encircle cell
provide resistance to stress

43
Q

gap junctions

A

protein channels that allow rapid communication between cells

44
Q

Connective tissue forms

A

connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
supporting connective tissue
fluid connective tissue

45
Q

connective tissue consists of…

A

specialized cells
protein fibers
ground substance

46
Q

extracellular matrix is made up of…

A

protein fibers
ground substance

47
Q

muscle tissue function

A

contract (shorten) when stimulated to create movement

48
Q

three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal- multinucleated + striated
cardiac- striations + intercalated discs
smooth- no striations

49
Q

nervous tissue function

A

communication and control of the body

50
Q

two types of nervous tissue

A

neuron- nerve cells capable of initiating/conducting electrical activity
neuroglia (glia)- cells that support neurons

PNB 2774 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions