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PNB 2774 > QUIZ 7- Intro > Flashcards

QUIZ 7- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Operational Design Conditions

A

CNS must have hierarchal organization (top down)
CNS must have structural and functional stratification (neurons controlling same process must be in the same space)
CNS must demonstrate plasticity (must change because human body is not static)

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal chord physically separate from PNS by Blood brain barrier (BBB)

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3
Q

afferent

A

inward axonal projections

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4
Q

efferent

A

outward axonal projections

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5
Q

CNS composition

A

10% neurons (50% of volume)
90% neuroglia (50% of volume)

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6
Q

nuclei/ganglia

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies with the same function in the same physical space

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7
Q

tunneling nanotubes

A

membrane projections connecting neurons

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8
Q

gray matter

A

neuronal cell bodies

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9
Q

white matter

A

axonal projections

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10
Q

ganglia

A

collection of neurons with the same function in the same physical space outside the CNS

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11
Q

circuits

A

anatomical and functional connections between neurons

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12
Q

multipolar neurons

A

common CNS neuron with single axon, short dendrites

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13
Q

pyramidal neurons

A

common, largest CNS neurons, multiple long axons

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14
Q

neuroglia

A

non-neuronal cells within CNS

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15
Q

Critical Concepts

A

diffusion moves small particles
structure dictates function
to function CNS needs chemical isolation from rest of body
CNS needs separation from blood

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16
Q

3 Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

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17
Q

Dura Mater

A

“tough mother”
two fibrous layers
space between layers filled with blood/lymphatic vessels and ECF
subdural space
dural venous sinus

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18
Q

subdural space

A

between the dura and arachnoid space

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19
Q

dural venous sinus

A

drainage system allowing CSF to re-enter blood

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20
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

physical trauma leads to bleeds onto brain surface
increased fluid pressure leads to neuronal cell damage

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21
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

“spider-like mother”
epithelial cell layer that doesnt follow the brains underlying sulci or gyri
subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi

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22
Q

sulci

A

furrow

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23
Q

gyri

A

smaller ridge/cleft

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24
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between dura and pia mater

25
Q

arachnoid villi

A

move through venous sinuses allowing CSF to exit subarachnoid space

26
Q

Pia Mater

A

“gentle mother”
directly on surface of brain
accompanies branches of cerebral blood vessels
coverage and protection of CNS tissue, blood vessels containing CSF

27
Q

meningitis

A

viral/bacterial infection leading to inflammation of pia mater
causes severe headaches
highly infectious

28
Q

vascularization

A

constant 15-20% of cardiac output
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
internal jugular vein

29
Q

anastomose

A

fusion of blood vessels

30
Q

circle of Willis

A

alternative paths for blood flow
ensures blood supply

31
Q

Brain Interstitial system

A

fluid-filled space between neurons and capillaries
immediate environment surrounding neurons
originates from cerebral spinal fluid and blood vessels

32
Q

BBB composition

A

capillary endothelial cells
basal lamina
astrocytic endfeet (control point)
pericytes (angiogenesis)

33
Q

BBB features

A

highly selective permeability
limited paracellular path
control of Interstitial space

34
Q

Neurovascular unit composition

A

capillary endothelial cells
pericytes
astrocytes, microglia
neurons

35
Q

Neurovascular unit function

A

regulation of blood flow and BBB

36
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

limited transport capacity
carrier-mediated=selective and saturable
receptor-mediated=binding and internalization
hydrophobic compounds are diffusion limited
water-soluble compounds do not diffuse through

37
Q

CSF access

A

hydrophobic diffusion- very fast
consequences:
hydrophilic drugs have limited access- bacterial infections are rare

38
Q

ISF VS Plasma

A

slightly lower pH from elevated CO2
lower protein content
lower buffering capacity
lower glucose content
lower K+ H30+

39
Q

CSF location

A

around and within CNS

40
Q

CSF function

A

source of solutes and water for ISF
buoyancy of brain
protection against trauma
ISF functional stability
removal waste product

41
Q

CSF production

A

via ependymal cells lining ventricles- fluid-filled spaces

42
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line ventricles to form choroid plexus with capillaries
selection and movement of CSF

43
Q

CSF circulatory path

A

flows through brain and spinal chord and exits back into blood supply

44
Q

CSF composition

A

more like ISF than plasma
CSF and ISF have similar ion concentrations

45
Q

Neuroglia Roles

A

surround
support
insulation
housekeeping
development
synaptic transmission

46
Q

surround

A

keep neurons in proper place

47
Q

support

A

nutrients and O2

48
Q

insulation

A

prevent axons from touching

49
Q

housekeeping

A

remove pathogens and dead cells

50
Q

development

A

axonal migration during fetal development

51
Q

synaptic transmission

A

NT removal, neuromodulators

52
Q

Neuroglia is made up of

A

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
radial glia

53
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

CNS myelin production
regulate axonal growth

54
Q

cerebral palsy

A

loss of CNS oligodendrocytes

55
Q

Astrocytes

A

most abundant, with multiple types
provide surface coverage; limiting solute movement into ISF
part of BBB
regulation of CSF content

56
Q

microglia

A

specialized microphages
removal of debris, damages cells, foreign substances

57
Q

Radial glia

A

scaffolding in which new neurons migrate

58
Q

meninges

A

multiple connective tissue layer that covers the CNS

PNB 2774 (17 decks)

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