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Human Form and Funciton > Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Quiz 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most anterior arch in the oral cavity?

A

Palatoglossal arch

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2
Q

What is the structure located between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch?

A

Palatine tonsils

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

CN V3

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the geniohyoid muscle?

A

Hypoglossal

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Vagus

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7
Q

Name the tongue intrinsic muscles

A

Superior longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse muscle
Inferior longitudinal

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8
Q

If you tell a patient to stick out their tongue straight out but it moves to the left, what nerve is damaged?

A

The left hypoglossal nerve

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9
Q

What nerve goes through the incisal foramen?

A

Nasopalatine nerve

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10
Q

What nerve covers the greatest surface of the hard palate? What foramen does it pass through?

A

Greater palatine nerve

Goes through the greater palatine foramen

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11
Q

What nerve gives sensory innervation to the lateral posterior portions of the palate?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

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12
Q

The nerves that give sensory innervation to the hard palate arise from what cranial nerve?

A

V2

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13
Q

What is the name of the muscle that elevates the soft palate? What is it innervated by?

A

Lavatory veil palatini muscle (CN X)

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14
Q

What muscle tenses the soft palate? What cranial nerve is it innervated by?

A

Tensor veil palatini muscle (CN V3)

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15
Q

The tensor veil palatini muscle stretches around what boney structure?

A

Pterygoid hamulus

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16
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Pulls tongue superiorily

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17
Q

What muscle separates the oral cavity and nasopharynx?

A

Uvula muscle

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18
Q

What is an action of the palatopharyngeous muscle?

A

Elevates larynx and pharynx

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19
Q

The stylopharyngeous muscle runs in betrween what two muscles?

A

Superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

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20
Q

What muscle of the pharynx is most deep?

A

Palatopharyngeous

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21
Q

The ____ nerve innervates all pharynx muscles besides the _____, which is innervated by ____.

A

1) vagus
2) stylopharyngeus
3) glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

A

1) V2
2) glossopharyngeal
3) vagus

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23
Q

What is the name of the cartilage that sits on top of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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24
Q

True or false… the cricoid cartilage is thicker anteriorly than it is posteriorly.

A

False, it’s the opposite

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25
Q

The larynx is solely innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

VEGAS BABY!!! 😎🤑

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26
Q

What branch of vagus innervates the cricothyroideus muscle?

A

External laryngeal

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27
Q

The internal laryngeal nerve enters the larynx through what structure?

A

The thyrohyoid ligament

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28
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve has what functions?

A

Motor innervation of the laryngeal muscles

Sensory below vocal cords

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29
Q

Describe the cricoarytenoid joint

A

Synovial joint between cricoid and arytenoid

Involved in abducting and addicting the vocal ligaments

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30
Q

What muscles are responsible for addicting the vocal ligaments?

What about abducting?

A

Adducting - lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Abducting - posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

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31
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroideus muscle?

A

Pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly to increase tension in the vocal ligaments

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32
Q

All tongue muscles are innervated by ___ except for ____ which is innervated by ___.

A

Hypoglossal

Palatoglossus

Vagus

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33
Q

All palate muscles are innervated by ___ except for ____, which is innervated by ____.

A

Vagus

Tensor veil palatini muscle

V3

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34
Q

All pharyngeal muscles are innervated by ____ except for ____,which is innervated by ____.

A

Vagus
Stylopharyngeous
Glossopharyngeal

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35
Q

All laryngeal muscles are innervated by ____. All muscles are innervated by the ____ branch except for ____ which is innervated by the ____ branch.

A

Vagus (mostly recurrent)

Cricothyroideus

External laryngeal (branches from superior laryngeal)

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36
Q

What is the name of the sinus(es) that connect the sigmoid and cavernousus sinuses?

A

Greater and lesser petrosal

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37
Q

Which branches of V run through the cavernous sinus?

A

V1 and v2

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38
Q

Name the pathway from common facial vein to cavernous sinus

A

Common facial
Facial
Angular
Ophthalmic cavernous sinus

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39
Q

What are the four sections of the interna, carotid artery?

A

Cervical
Petrous
Cavernous
Cerebral

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40
Q

What section of the internal carotid artery does the ophthalmic artery arise from? What about the artery of pterygoid canal?

A

1) Cerebral

2) Ptetrous

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41
Q

How does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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42
Q

True or false… the ophthalmic artery supplies blood to the nasal cavity via superior and inferior branches

A

False. Although it does supply blood to the nasal cavity, it’s does so by anterior and posterior branches

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43
Q

Name the branches of the superior thyroid artery

A

Hyoid
Superior laryngeal
Cricothyroid
SCM

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44
Q

What arteries does the superior thyroid artery anastomose with?

A

Contralateal thyroid artery

Inferior thyroid branch

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45
Q

Name the branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery

A

Pharyngeal, meningeal, tympanic

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46
Q

The Ascending pharyngeal artery ascends deep to the ___ and anterior to the ____.

A

1) stylopharyngeus

2) ear

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47
Q

Does the ascending pharyngeal artery emerge from the ECA dorsally or ventrally?

A

Dorsally

48
Q

Name the branches of the lingual artery

A

Dorsal lingual
Deep lingual
Sublingual

49
Q

The lingual artery runs deep to the ___ muscle

A

Hyoglossus

50
Q

Which branches of the lingual artery anastomose with their contralateral side? Why can’t the others anastomose?

A

Dorsal branch

The deep and sublingual branches cannot anastomose because of the lingual septum

51
Q

Name the branches of the facial artery

A 
Angular
Superior labial
Lateral nasal
Inferior labial 
Tonsillar
52
Q

The angular branch of the facial artery anastomoses with the ____ artery, that arises from the ____ portion of the ____

A

Ophthalmic

Cerebral

ICA

53
Q

The facial artery runs deep to the ____ ____ and the ____ _____

A

Digastric sling

Submandibular gland

54
Q

What artery supplies blood to the superior masticatory muscles?

A

Superficial temporal

55
Q

Name the branches of the superficial temporal artery

A

Parietal
Zygomatic/orbital
Transverse facial
Frontal

56
Q

The superficial temporal artery ascends within the ___ ___, anterior to the _____

A

Parotid gland

Ear

57
Q

True or false… the superficial temporal artery supplies blood to muscles of facial expression

A

TRUE

58
Q

What artery runs inferior/posterior to the mastoid process?

A

Occipital artery

59
Q

Name the branches of the occipital artery

A

Meningeal
Auricular
Descending
SCM

60
Q

The _____ branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with the _____ ______ artery and with _____ arteries

A

Transverse cervical (thyrocervical trunk)

Vertebral

61
Q

What triangle does the occipital artery emerge from?

A

Carotid triangle

62
Q

Name the branches of the posterior auricular artery

A

Ha trick question! 😈There are no branches

63
Q

The posterior auricular artery runs in between what two boney structures?

A

External acoustic meatus and mastoid process

64
Q

Name the three parts of the maxillary artery and what they supply

A

Mandibular - ear, mandible

Pterygoid - muscles of mastication

Pterygopalatine - maxilla, palate, nasal

65
Q

Name the superior and inferior branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery

A

Inferior

Mylohyoid branch
Inferior alveolar
Mental

Superior

Deep Auricular
Anterior tympanic
Middle meningeal

66
Q

The mental branch comes off of what branch?

A

Inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery branch of the ECA arising from the aorta/brachiocephalic arising from the left ventricle of the heart 😵

67
Q

What artery supplies blood to the TMJ?

A

Deep auricular (a superior branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery)

68
Q

What does the pterygoid portion primarily supply blood to?

A

Muscles of mastication

69
Q

Name the branches of the pterygoid portion.

A

Deep Temporal
Masseteric
Pterygoids
Buccal

70
Q

Name the branches that come off of the pterygopalatine portion

A 
Infraorbital
Superior alveolar (middle)
Superior alveolar (posterior) 
Descending palatine
Sphenopalatine
71
Q

What artery branches off of the infraorbital artery?

A

Superior alveolar (anterior)

72
Q

What artery branches off of the descending palatine artery?

A

Greater and lesser palatine arteries

73
Q

What arteries branch off of the sphenopalatine artery?

A

Posterior nasal

Posterior septal

74
Q

What arteries anastomose in kiesselbach’s area?

A

Ethmoidal (ophthalmic)
Septal (maxillary)
Gr. Palatine (maxillary)
Superior labial (facial)

75
Q

What is the technical function of teeth/

A

Surviving cyclical loading

76
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

3D space outside the teeth

77
Q

What makes up the posterior border of the oral cavity?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus (palatopharyngeal arch)

78
Q

What is the primary epithelial type of the oral mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous (keratinized (ortho and para) and non-keratinized)

79
Q

Where is the epithelium of the oral mucosa derived from?

A

Ectoderm (not endoderm like rest of gut)

80
Q

True or false… the lamina propria in the oral mucosa is less pronounced than in the rest of the gut

A

False. It is much more pronounced in the oral mucosa

81
Q

Name two differences between lining mucosa and masticatory mucosa

A

Lining mucosa has flatter, rounded rete pegs. It is also unkeratinized

Masticatory mucosa has sharper and more pronounced rete pegs. It is keratinized

82
Q

Name the tissues that considered masticatory mucosa

A

Gingiva
Parts of dorsum of tongue
Hard palate

83
Q

What is the only specialized mucosa in the oral cavity?

A

Taste buds on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue

84
Q

What is the oral mucoperiosteum?

A

No submucosa.
Robust lamina propria attaches directly to bone.
A lot more collagen

85
Q

Where would you find oral mucoperiosteum?

A

Midline of hard palate

Attached gingiva

86
Q

How can you differentiate between orthokeratinized and parakeratinized?

A

There are no nuclei visible in orthokeratinized while there are some nuclei visible in parakeratinized in the superficial most layer

87
Q

What two layers of epidermis are missing in nonkeratinized tissue?

A

Stratum granulosm and stratum corneum

88
Q

True or false… the epithelium found in the cheek lacks a stratum granulosum layer

A

True. It is non-keratinized epithelium so it lacks the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum

89
Q

True or false… you are unlikely to find glandular tissue in the soft palate

A

False

90
Q

What structure separates oral and nasal cavities? Thus what is significant about its epithelium?

A

Soft palate

It has one side of lining oral mucosa, the other side is respiratory epithelium

91
Q

Histologically, how can you tell the difference between midline palate and lateral palate (hard)?

A

The midline palate is oromucoperineum. It lacks a submucosa, has a lot more collagen, has a robust lamina propria

92
Q

What structure is responsible for stipling in gingiva?

A

Rete pegs

93
Q

What structure attaches the junctional epithelium to the teeth?

A

Hemidesmosomes (on each side)

94
Q

What divides the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa?

A

Mucogingival line

95
Q

What fiber is abundant in the alveolar mucosa?

A

Elastic fibers

96
Q

What type of epithelium is found within the vermillion border?

A

Parakeratinized stratified squamous

97
Q

Other than epithelial cells, what is the most abundant cell type found in the oral mucosa?

A

90% keratinocytes

98
Q

What are three cell types (other than keratinocytes) found in the oral mucosa

A

Langerhans cells (found in stratum spinosum, involved in immune system)

Merely cells (sensory)

Melanocytes (pigmentation)

99
Q

Specialized mucosa surface covers the _____ ___ ____ of the dorsal tongue

A

Anterior two thirds

100
Q

What are the four types of papillae found on the tongue? What do they do?/where are they found?

A

Filiform - most abundant, no taste buds

Fungiform - found mostly at the tip of tongue

Foliate- posterior and sides of tongue - less prominent in adults

Circumvallate - junction of body and base of tonsillar area, quite large

101
Q

What type of epithelium are found in filiform papillae?

A

Keratinized

102
Q

What type of epithelium is found in fungiform papillae? Where are the taste buds located?

A

Non keratinized epithelium

Taste buds on upper surface

103
Q

What type of epithelium is found on foliate papillae? Where are the taste buds located?

A

Non keratinized

Taste buds found on the sides of crypts

104
Q

What type of epithelium is found in circumvallate papillae? Where are the taste buds located? What special glands are located here?

A

Keratinized epithelium

Taste buds located in crypts

Von Ebner’s glands (serous salivary glands)

105
Q

What type of cells are taste buds?

A

Chemoreceptive spindle cells

106
Q

What are some things in saliva that help with protection?

A

Lactoferrin, lysozyme, defending, IGA

107
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland secrete? Is it active or passive?

A

Serous saliva
Active salivation

Also secretes A amylase

108
Q

Submandibular gland. Does it secrete passive or active saliva? Mucus or serous?

A

Passive saliva
Both mucus and serous
Secretes the most saliva

109
Q

Which salivary gland secretes mostly mucous? And contributes the least amount of saliva?

A

Sublingual gland

110
Q

What cells help push saliva out of glands?

A

Myoepithelial cells

111
Q

Saliva first flows into ____ ducts and then into ____ ducts

A

1) intercalated

2) striated

112
Q

What is the difference between intercalated ducts and striated ducts?

A

Intercalated ducts has simple cuboidal epithelium.

Striated ducts usually have simple columnar epithelium, secrete bicarbonate and absorb sodium and chloride

113
Q

What duct is large and dumps into excretory ducts?

A

Interlobar ducts

114
Q

The salpingopharyngeous muscle branches off of what muscle?

A

Palatopharyngeous

115
Q

What nerve gives sensory innervation in the larynx above the vocal cords? Where does it enter?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve. Enters the thyrohyoid ligament

Human Form and Funciton (15 decks)

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