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Human Form and Funciton > Group Presentations (exam 3) > Flashcards

Group Presentations (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What triangle of the neck does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

Carotid triangle

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2
Q

Name the 5 major branches of the superior thyroid artery

A 
Infrahyoid branch
SCM branch
Anterior glandular branch
Superior thyroid artery
Superior laryngeal artery
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3
Q

The infrahyoid branch of the superior thyroid artery runs deep to what muscle?

A

Thyrohyoid

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4
Q

Which branch of the superior thyroid artery anastomoses with its contralateral side?

A

Infrahyoid branch

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5
Q

Which branch of the superior thyroid artery frequently arises as a separate branch straight off of the external carotid?

A

SCM branch

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6
Q

The superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery runs deep to what muscle?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

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7
Q

The superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery enters the larynx through the _____ with the _____

A

Thyrohyoid ligament

Internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus)

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8
Q

What does the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

Mucus membrane and glands of the larynx

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9
Q

What artery supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

The cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid artery

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10
Q

The cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid artery varies in its course. It can either run superficial or deep to the _____. If superficial, it will be accompanied by branches of _____. If deep, it may be accompanied with the _____ nerve.

A

Sternothyroid

Ansa cervicalis

External laryngeal

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11
Q

During a cricothyroidotomy, what artery and what vein are likely to be damaged?

A

Cricothyroid artery branch of the superior thyroid artery

Anterior jugular vein

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12
Q

What branch of the superior thyroid artery supplies the thyroid gland?

A

Anterior glandular branch and lateral glandular branch

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13
Q

What branch of the superior thyroid artery anastomoses with the inferior thyroid artery from the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Anterior glandular branch

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14
Q

The vagus nerve exits the skull via what foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

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15
Q

Where does the vagus nerve have special sensation?

A

Pressure receptors - aortic arch

Chemoreceptors - aortic body

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16
Q

What nerve gives sensation to the laryngopharynx?

A

Vagus

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17
Q

The portion of the vagus nerve involved in the gag reflex arises from what nucleus in the medulla?

A

Nucleus ambiguous

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18
Q

Name the 5 branches of the vagus nerve located in the head/neck

A 
Superior laryngeal 
Carotid
Recurrent laryngeal
Auricular 
Pharyngeal
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19
Q

Where does the auricular branch of the vagus nerve branch?

A

First branch, inside the skull

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20
Q

The auricular branch of the vagus nerve gives sensation to….

A

Auricle
External acoustic canal
Part of the lateral side of tympanic membrane

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21
Q

What branch of the vagus nerve is the principle motor nerve for the pharyngeal muscles? What pharyngeal muscle does it not innervate?

A

Pharyngeal branch

Does not innervate stylopharyngeous (innervated by glossopharyngeal)

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22
Q

What nerves make up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus
External laryngeal branch of vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Sympathetics

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23
Q

A lot of the branches of the vagus nerve cross what artery?

A

Internal carotid

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24
Q

The carotid body is innervated by…

A

Glossopharyngeal

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25
Q

Describe the confusion with the carotid branch of vagus

A

The carotid body of the internal carotid artery reports to a glossopharyngeal nucleus but sometimes it runs with a vagus branch

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26
Q

True or false… the superior laryngeal branch combines with a sympathetic branch from the superior cervical ganglion to form the internal and external laryngeal nerves. The external laryngeal nerve gives motor to the cricothyroid by sympathetics

A

False. Although most of this statement is correct, the external laryngeal is actually made up of parasympathtiecs

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27
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal wraps around the ____ whereas the left recurrent laryngeal wraps around the ____

A

Right subclavian artery

Aortic arch

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28
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends between what two things?

A

Trachea and esophagus

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29
Q

A unilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may cause what?

A

Hoarseness

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30
Q

What cranial nerve has the least amount if axons?

A

Trochlear

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31
Q

What cranial nerve has the longest intracranial length?

A

Trochlear

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32
Q

What is the only cranial nerve that arises from the brainstem dorsally?

A

Trochlear

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33
Q

Describe the pathway of the trochlear nerve. Four steps

A

Originates in the Trochlear nucleus
Emerges dorsally just below the inferior colliculus
Decussates around fourth ventricle
Circles anteriorly around brainstem

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34
Q

The abducens cranial nerve exits the brainstem at the junction between…

A

Pons and medulla

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35
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via…

A

Jugular foramen

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36
Q

If the glossopharyngeal nerve goes to the superior ganglion it is _____. If it goes to the inferior ganglion it is ____

A

Somatosensory

Viscerosensory

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37
Q

Name the seven branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
(TTLLCMP) 
Tympanic
Lesser petrosal 
Carotid 
Pharyngeal
Muscular
Tonsillar
Lingual
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38
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve goes to what ganglion? It gets there by hitchhiking with what nerve?

A

Otic ganglion

Auriculotemporal of V3

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39
Q

What branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve gives general viscerosensory of the carotid sinus and body? What kinds of receptors are located in each of these?

A

Carotid branch

Carotid sinus - baroreceptors
Carotid body - chemoreceptors

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40
Q

What branch of glossopharyngeal gives general somatosensation to the oropharynx?

A

Pharyngeal. This will form a plexus with motor fibers from vagus

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41
Q

What branch of glossopharyngeal innervates the stylopharyngeous? What type of fibers are these?

A

Muscular branch

Branchiomotor fibers

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42
Q

What branch of glossopharyngeal gives somatosenation to the palate and some mucosa of oropharynx?

A

Tonsillar branch

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43
Q

What branch of glossopharyngeal gives general somatosensation and special viscerosensory (taste) of the posterior one third of the tongue?

A

Lingual branch

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44
Q

What is glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

A

Blood vessel found compressing the nerve

Causes pain on one side of throat and fainting after swallowing

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45
Q

In abducens nerve palsy, the patient experiences double vision because the ____ muscle works without opposition. They can correct this by…

A

Medial lateral rectus

Turning their head sideways

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46
Q

True or false… the ascending pharyngeal artery has no cutaneous supply

A

True

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47
Q

Name the three main branches of the pharyngeal artery and what they supply.

A

Inferior tympanic - supplies inner ear
Pharyngeal branches - supplie inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
Neuromeningeal artery - has three branches

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48
Q

How does the neuromeningeal artery (from the ascending pharyngeal) enter the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

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49
Q

Name the three branches of the neuromeningeal artery (of the ascending pharyngeal artery), where they go, and what they supply

A 
Hypoglossal branch (exits hypoglossal canal and feeds hypoglossal nerve)
Jugular branch (exits jugular foramen and feeds 9,10,11)
Posterior meningeal branch (may branch off of vertebral artery instead... feeds majority of posterior dura)
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50
Q

Name the 8 branches of the occipital artery and what they supply

A

Muscular branch - post. Digastric and stylohyoid
Meningeal branch - dura mater in post. Cranial fossa
Mastoid branch - mastoid air cells and dura
Auricular branch - medial side of auricle
Descending branch - posterior neck muscles
SCM - SCM
Stylomastoid branch - tympanic cavity
Occipital branch - posterior head

51
Q

Name the four branches of the occipital artery that anastomoses with the posterior auricular artery

A

Muscular
Auricular
Occipital
Stylomastoid

52
Q

The deep descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with…

A

Segmental branches of vertebral artery

53
Q

Superficial descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with…

A

Transverse cervical branch of thyrocervical trunk

54
Q

True or false… occipital aneurysms are very common

A

False.. they are actually rare

55
Q

What is occipital neuralgia?

A

Headache associated with compression of the occipital nerve by the occipital artery

56
Q

The oculomotor nerve arises from what nuclei? It originates at what structure of the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor nucleus and edinger westphal

Superior colliculus

57
Q

What are the two branches of the oculomotor nerve? Which is smaller?

A

Superior and inferior branch

Superior branch is smaller

58
Q

The superior branch of the oculomotor nerve supplies what two muscles?

A

Superior rectus

Lavatory palpabrae superioris

59
Q

The inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve has three divisions. Describe their pathway and what they innervate

A

First - passes under optic nerve, supplies medial rectus
Second - straight into inferior rectus
Third - runs between inferior rectus and lateralis, supplies inferior oblique

60
Q

The opthalmic vein runs through what structure?

A

Superior orbital fissure (as well as inferior orbital fissure?)

61
Q

How does the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit? What other structures are located in this structure?

A

Superior orbital fissure

Opthalmic vein
V1
Trochlear and abducens

62
Q

What nerves run within the cavernous sinus?

A

3, 4, 5, 6

63
Q

What artery is most likely to be the cause of a third nerve palsy?

A

Posterior communicating artery

64
Q

Name the four branches of the superficial temporal artery and what they supply

A

Transverse facial branch - parotid gland, facial muscles, masseter, temporalis

Zygomatic branch - skin and muscles near orbit
Frontal branch - skin and muscles over frontal bone
Parietal branch - skin and superior auricular muscle

65
Q

The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery anastomoses with the ….

A

Supraorbital and frontal branches of the opthalmic artery

66
Q

Which branch of the superficial temporal artery anastomoses with its contralateral side?

A

Parietal branches anastomose with opposing parietal branches

67
Q

The parietal branch of the superficial artery anastomoses with what three arteries?

A

Contralateral parietal branch of superficial temporal

Posterior auricular

Occipital artery

68
Q

Name the three branches of V1

A

Nasociliary
Lacrimal
Frontal

69
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the conjunctiva of the eye?

A

Lacrimal nerve of V1

70
Q

What nerves provides sensation to the lateral portion of the upper eyelid?

A

Lacrimal of V1

71
Q

Name the two branches of the frontal nerve of V1, which one runs more medially?

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

Supratrochlear runs more medially

72
Q

What nerve of V2 branches before the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Middle meningeal nerve

73
Q

Name the branches of V2 in the pterygopalatine fossa

A 
Zygomatic 
Nasopalatine
posterior superior alveolar
Greater/lesser palatine
Pharyngeal
74
Q

Name the nerve of V2 that goes through the superior orbital fissure into the infraorbital canal. What nerves branch before the infraorbital foramen?

A

Infraorbital nerve

Middle superior alveolar
Anterior superior alveolar

75
Q

Once the infraorbital nerve of V2 exits the infraorbital foramen, it splits into what three nerves?

A

Inferior palpebral
Nasal
Superior labial

76
Q

What nerve wraps around the middle meningeal artery?

A

Auriculotemporal of V3

77
Q

What branch of V3 ascends into the foramen spinosum?

A

Meningeal branch (runs with middle meningeal artery)

78
Q

Name the four nerves of the anterior branch of V3

A

Long buccal (sensory)
Masseteric branch
Pterygoid branch
Deep temporal branch

79
Q

Name the five nerves of the posterior branch of V3

A 
Auriculotemporal 
Lingual nerve (chorda tympani hitchhiker)
Inferior alveolar 
Mental nerve
Nerve to mylohyoid (motor)
80
Q

Other than providing taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue what else does chorda tympani do?

A

Innervates the submandibular, sublingual, and submental glands

81
Q

What is the most common cause for inferior alveolar nerve damage?

A

Third molar extractions (75% of cases)

82
Q

The chorda tympani exits the skull via what structure?

A

Petrotympanic fissure

83
Q

What nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?

A

Facial

84
Q

Name the three intracranial branches (within the internal acoustic meatus) of the facial nerve

A

Greater petrosal
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani

85
Q

The facial nerve exits the skull via what foramen? What are the seven extracranial branches of facial nerve?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

Posterior auricular 
Temporal
Zygomatic 
Buccal 
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
86
Q

Which extracranial branch of facial nerve does not run within the parotid gland? What does it innervate?

A

Posterior auricular - muscles near ear, posterior digastric, stylohyoid

87
Q

What nerves innervates the orbicularis oculi?

A

Zygomatic, temporal, and buccal branches of facial

88
Q

What nerve innervates the mentalis muscle?

A

Marginal mandibular

89
Q

The posterior auricular artery anastomoses with what artery?

A

Occipital

90
Q

Which extrinsic tongue muscle depresses and retracts the tongue?

A

Hyoglossus

91
Q

Out of all of the cranial nerves, which is most likely to be capable of some regeneration?

A

Olfactory

92
Q

Exposure to what chemical can be damaging to the olfactory receptor neurons?

A

Methyl methacrylate

93
Q

True or false… in the optic chiasm, the medial fibers remain ipsilateral while the lateral fibers decussate?

A

False, its the opposite

94
Q

90% of the optic nerve axons run to what nucleus in the thalamus?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

95
Q

The other 10% of axons from the optic nerve run to the ____

A

Superior colliculus, synapsing with pretectal nuclei and the edinger westphal nucleus

96
Q

When the optic chiasm is damaged, what nerve fibers are predominantly affected?

A

The axons that decussate

97
Q

What is a likely cause of a bitemporal hemnianopia? What are its symptoms?

A

Anything that puts pressure on the optic chiasm (swelling of ACA, internal carotid aneurism)

Lateral vision affected, tunnel vision

98
Q

The lingual artery runs deep to what muscle?

A

Hyoglossus

99
Q

In 20% of individuals the lingual artery may actually originate from…

A

The facial artery

100
Q

The deep lingual artery runs between what muscles?

A

Inferior longitudinal muscel and genioglossus

101
Q

The lingual nerve runs along what artery?

A

Deep lingual artery

102
Q

The sublingual artery runs between what two muscles?

A

Genioglossus and mylohyoid

103
Q

The sublingual artery anastomoses with what artery?

A

Submental artery from facial

104
Q

Name the cervical and facial branches of the facial artery

A 
Cervical branches
Ascending palatine
Tonsillar 
Glandular 
Submental 
Facial branches
Inferior labial
Superior labial
Lateral nasal
Angular
105
Q

The ascending palatine artery passes up between the ____ and ____ to the side of the pharynx

A

Styloglossus and stylopharyngeous

106
Q

The tonsillar artery pierces through what muscle to supply the tonsils?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

107
Q

True or false… the glandular branch of the facial artery branches before it wraps around the body of the mandible

A

True

108
Q

The submental artery of the facial artery supplies what three things?

A

Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Submandibular gland

109
Q

The inferior labial branch of the facial artery anastomoses with what two arteries?

A

Inferior labial on contralateral side

Mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery (coming from maxillary artery)

110
Q

The superior labial artery of the facial artery anastomoses with…

A 
Kiesselbach's area... 
Anterior Ethmoidal (opthalmic artery) 
Posterior septal (sphenopalatine of maxillary) 
Greater palatine (maxillary) 
Superior labial (facial)
111
Q

The lateral nasal artery ascends along the lateral border of the nose and supplies the ala and dorsum of nose. What does it anastomose with?

A

Septal and alar branches of the superior labial artery

Dorsal nasal branch of opthalmic

Infraorbital branch of the maxillary artery

112
Q

What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?

A

Angular

113
Q

What two nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear

114
Q

Name the four superior branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery

A

Deep auricular
Anterior tympanic
Middle meningeal
Accessory meningeal

115
Q

Name the only inferior branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery

A

Inferior alveolar

116
Q

What are the three branches of the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery

A

Mylohyoid
Mental
Incisive

117
Q

What portion of the maxillary artery has branches that serve all of the muscles of mastication plus the buccinator?

A

Pterygoid portion

118
Q

What are the branches of the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery?

A

Masseteric
Pterygoids
Buccal
Deep temporal

119
Q

Name the branches of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery in order

A

Posterior superior alveolar
Descending palatine (greater and lesser palatine)
Infraorbital
Sphenopalatine (posterior nasal and septal)
Pharyngeal
Artery of the pterygoid canal (vidian’s artery?)

120
Q

The artery of the pterygoid canal can sometimes come off of….

A

The petrous portion of ICA

121
Q

The nasal wall and septum receives blood from ECA and ICA from what branches

A

ECA - sphenopalatine

ICA - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteris off of ophthalmic

122
Q

Name the four branches of the opthalmic artery

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal

Dorsal nasal

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

123
Q

Which passes superiorly to the other muscle.. posterior digastric or stylohyoid?

A

Stylohyoid

Human Form and Funciton (15 decks)

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