quiz 9 Flashcards
1
Q
define: function of vertebral column
A
- supports weight of head and trunk
- protect spinal cord
- allows spinal nerves to exit cord (from intervertebral foramen)
- allows mvt. (head and trunk)
- 26 vertebrae (7, 12, 5, 1, 1)
⤷ cervical, thorasic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
⤷ sacral = 5 fused into one
⤷ coccygeal = 4 fused into 1
2
Q
explain: intervertebral disks
A
- made up of fibrocartilage
- between vertebral bodies
- provides support
- absorbs vertical shock + allows mvt.
- herniated disk = rupture towards posterolateral side
⤷ bulges through the annulus fibrosus
⤷ compresses + impairs nerves
⤷ posterolateral side bc we carry most of our mass on the anterior side
⤷ posterior side is stretched thin when bending forward and gelatinous mass is pushed to the side
3
Q
explain: thoracic cage
A
- protects vital organs
- semi-rigid
- includes thoracic vert., ribs, costal cartilage, sternum
- 12 pairs of ribs
4
Q
name: numbers of ribs and classification
A
- 12 pairs of ribs
- 7 = true ribs
⤷ vertebrosternal
⤷ connect vertebrae to sternum - 5 = false ribs
⤷ 3 = vertebralchondral
⤷ 2 = floating/vertebral
5
Q
explain: pectoral girdle (+ attachment to upper limbs)
A
- pectoral girdle = scapula and clavicle
- clavicle articulation = medial and lateral
⤷ medial: w/ sternum @ sternoclavicular joint
⤷ lateral: w/ scapula @ acromioclavicular joint - upper limbs attach to pectoral girdle at glenohumoral joint
6
Q
explain: scapula (+ attachments to other bones)
A
- coracoid process: attachment point for musc. that extend that extend down to upper limb
- supraspinous and infraspinous fossa: allows musc. to sit and attach to scapular spine
- subscapular fossa: attaches musc.
- acromion process: joint w/ clavicle
- ridges on scapula line up w/ ribs
7
Q
explain: clavicle (+ attachments to other bone)
A
- lateral curve = concave
- medial curve = convex
- middle part = switching between curves
⤷ weakest part - lateral end = acromial
- sternal end = sternal
- joint to scapula
⤷ acromial end of clavicle + acromion process of scapula
8
Q
explain: arm (humerus) (+ attachment to other bones)
A
- attachment to scapula at glenohumeral joint
- attachment to radius at capitulum
- attachment to ulna at trochlea
- olecranon fossa: allows space for elbow when arm is straight
⤷ olecranon = elbow
9
Q
explain: forearm (+ attachments to other bones)
A
- radius = outside bone (lateral) in anatomical position
- proximal end = ulna big, radius small
- distal end = ulna small, radius big
- elbow = mostly ulnar bone
- radius head rotates relative to capitulum
⤷ attachment to humerus) - joint to wrist bones = ellipsoid
10
Q
explain: wrist bones
A
- carpals
- proximal row and articulates w/ radius
- distal row articulates w/ metacarpal bones
11
Q
name: carpal bones (in rows)
A
- proximal row (lateral to medial)
1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetum
4. pisiform - distal row (lateral to medial)
1. trapezium
2. trapezoid
3. capitate
4. hamate
12
Q
explain: hands
A
- metacarpals and phalanges
- 5 metacarpals
⤷ 1 - 5 starting at thumb - thumb = lateral
- first long bones = metacarpal
- other long bones = digits (phalanges)
13
Q
explain: pelvic girdle + lower limb
A
- girdle = ring of bone connecting axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
- girdle = illium, ischium, pubis, coxa
14
Q
explain: pelvis
A
- pubic symphysis = firbocartilage
- obturator foramen = space for obturator nerve to travel to lower limbs
- acetabulum = where lower limbs articulate w/ pelvic girdle
15
Q
question: what is the difference between pelvic girdle and bony pelvis
A
- ring = pelvic girdle
- bony pelvis = pelvic girdle + coccyx bone