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kinesiol 2y03 > exam review - quiz 5 > Flashcards

exam review - quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

question: how are the cran. nerves distributed across the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and spinal cord?

A
  • cerebrum: 1 pair
  • diencephalon: 1 pair
  • brainstem: 9 pairs
  • spinal cord: 1 pair
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2
Q

name: all cranial nerves in order

A

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibularcochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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3
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve I (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

OLFACTORY
- sensory
- smell
- 2 neuron sys.
- goes through nerve fibers -> through cribriform bone -> olfactory bulb -> temporal lobe

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4
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve II (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

OPTIC
- sensory
- vision
- collect info from retina -> optic nerve -> optic chiasm -> optic tract -> occipital lobe

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5
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve III (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

OCULOMOTOR
- motor
- somatic motor = mvts. of eyeball and upper eyelid
- parasympathetic motor = pupil contraction and focusing lens

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6
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve IV (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

TROCHLEAR
- motor
- mvt. of eyeball through 1 muscle (trochlea)

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7
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve V (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

TRIGEMINAL
- motor and sensory
- 3 branches
1. ophthalmic = sensory (upper facial struc.)
2. maxillary = sensory (middle facial struc.)
3. mandibular = sensory (lower face struc. + anterior to ear)
⤷ motor = mastication

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8
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve VI (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

ABDUCENS
- motor
- mvt. of eyeball

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9
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve VII (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

FACIAL
- motor and sensory
- taste = sensory
⤷ covers anterior part of tongue
- facial exp. = motor
- salivary glands + lacrimal glands (tears) = parasympathetic motor

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10
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve VIII (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

VESTIBULARCOCHLEAR
- sensory
- hearing and balance
- 2 nerves come together
⤷ vestibular = balance
⤷ cochlear = hearing

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11
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve IX (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
- motor and sensory
- taste = sensory
⤷ covers posterior part of tongue
⤷ monitors swallowing musc., bp, blood gases
- swallowing = motor
- parotid gland (saliva) = parasympathetic

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12
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve X (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

VAGUS
- motor and sensory
- voice production + swallowing = motor
- bp, blood gases, taste = sensory
- GI control, respira., decreases heart rate = parasympathetic motor
- very broad reaching
⤷ extends down to abdominal and thorasic cavities

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13
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve XI (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

ACCESSORY
- motor
- head mvts/ and swallowing
⤷ neck musc.
- roots in brainstem

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14
Q

explain: function of cran. nerve XII (name of nerve, sensory or motor)

A

HYPOGLOSSAL
- motor
- speech and swallowing

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15
Q

question: what atoms are on the inside and outside of membrane?

A

OUT
Cl-, Na+, Ca2+

IN
K+, A-

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16
Q

question: what is the overall charge outside and inside of the mem?

A

OUT = +ive
IN = -ive

17
Q

question: what is the movement for sodium-potassium pump?

A
  • 2 K+ in, 3 Na+ out
18
Q

explain: types of ion channels (2)

A
  1. leak
    - always open
    - more K leak and Na leak
  2. gated
    - open and close
    - can be ligand gated, mechanically gated, voltage gated
19
Q

question: do ions follow chemical gradient or electrical gradient?

A
  • ions follow chemical gradient before following electrical gradient
20
Q

explain: how resting potential is determined

A
  • K+ moves from high -> low bc of conc. gradients
    ⤷ makes outside +ive, inside -ive
  • K+ on outside starts to get attracted ot new -ive charge on inside bc electrical gradient
  • in/out mvt. of K+ eventually becomes equal making it resting potential

**flow will be equal but conc. of K+ will be higher inside

21
Q

explain: leak channel (description + location)

A
  • always open
  • in all cells
  • dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of neurons
22
Q

explain: ligand gated channels (description + location)

A
  • gated channels that open in resp. to binding of a ligand
  • dendrites of some neurons (pain)
  • dendrites and cell bodies of some neurons (interneurons and motor neurons)
23
Q

explain: mechanically gated channels (description + location)

A
  • gated channels that open in resp. to mechanical stim.
  • dendrites of some sensory neurons
    ⤷ ex. pain, touch, pressure
24
Q

explain: voltage gated channels (description + location)

A
  • gated channels that open in resp. to voltage stim.
  • in axons of all types of neurons
  • a lot in trigger region
25
Q

explain: types of electrical signals (2)

A
  1. graded potentials (local)
    - use ligand and mechanically gated
    - only for comm. over short distances
    ⤷ bc it only changes mem. potential in+around region of channel
    - dep. on amount of stim.
    - more graded potentials add together -> larger amp. (summation)
  2. action potential
    - use voltage gated
    - allow comm. over short and long distances
    ⤷ domino effect when 1 channel opens makes it go a long dist.
26
Q

explain: hyperpolarization and depolarization

A
  • hyperpol. = more polar
    ⤷ more difference between inside and outside
  • depol. = less polar
    ⤷ less difference between inside and outside
27
Q

explain: which channels are open and closed at various parts of action potential

A

resting
- inactivation gate Na+ = open
- activation gate Na+ = closed
- voltage gated K+ = closed

depolarization
- voltage gated Na+ opens
⤷ lets Na+ into cell

repolarization
- Na+ inactivation closes
- K+ opens
⤷ helps mem. return to -70mV
- Na+ activation closes
- Na+ inactivation opens

afterpotential (hyper overshoot)
- too much K+ -> hyper
- K+ needs to close
- sodium potassium pump restores resting

28
Q

explain: types of refractory periods (2)

A
  1. absolute
    - another AP CANNOT happen
    - Na+ activation channel already open during repol. and depol. so it can’t be activated to open again
  2. relative
    - needs larger stim. to reach threshold
    - during afterpotential

kinesiol 2y03 (18 decks)

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