quiz #8 - spine

Question 1

cervical spine

Answer 1

facet joints
intervertebral joints

Question 2

thoracic spine

Answer 2

facet joints

intervertebral joints

ribs

Question 3

lumbar spine

Answer 3

facet joints - L5, S1 facet joints

intervertebral joints - L5, S1 intervertebral

Question 4

facet joints

Answer 4

inferior facets of vertebra above articulate with superior facets of vertebra below

Question 5

intervertebral joints

Answer 5

consist of intervertebral disc lying in between two adjacent vertebra

all three form a fibrocartilaginous joint that allows slight movement

Question 6

facet/ zygopophyseal joint - type & movements

Answer 6

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

gliding, flexion, extension, some lateral flexion with rotation

Question 7

facet/ zygopophyseal joint - articular surfaces

Answer 7

inferior condylar facet of superior vertebra, superior condylar facet of inferior vertebra

Question 8

facet/ zygopophyseal joint - accessory ligaments

Answer 8

-articular capsule
-supraspinous
-interspinous
-ligamentum flavum
-intertransverse

Question 9

cervical spine - coupled motions

Answer 9

motions that always occur together

-in entire spine, rotation & lateral flexion always occurring together except at C1/C2:
due to shape & orientation of bones & joints

Question 10

C2-T5 - coupled motions

Answer 10

lateral flexion & rotation on ipsilateral side (same)

Question 11

T6-L5 - coupled motions

Answer 11

lateral flexion & rotation on contralateral side (opposite)

Question 12

spine - loose packed position

Answer 12

midway between flexion & extension

Question 13

spine - close packed position

Answer 13

full extension

Question 14

capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 14

side flexion & rotation equally limited, then extension

Question 15

intervertebral joints - type & movements

Answer 15

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial

flexion, extension, lateral flexion & some rotation

Question 16

intervertebral joints - articular surfaces

Answer 16

inferior body of superior vertebra, superior body of inferior vertebra, intervertebral disc (containing annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus inside)

Question 17

intervertebral joints - ligaments

Answer 17

-anterior longitudinal
-posterior longitudinal

Question 18

THORACIC spine - ROM

Answer 18

forward flexion: 20-45
extension: 25-45
lateral flexion (side): 20-40
rotation: 35-50

Question 19

LUMBAR spine - ROM

Answer 19

forward flexion: 40-60
extension: 20-35
lateral flexion (side): 15-20
rotation: 3-18

Question 20

at the end of vertebral column at L5…

Answer 20

is the last intervertebral disc & facet articulation with sacrum

Question 21

what region is the most common site for damage or injury? (lumbosacral joint)

Answer 21

L5-S1

Question 22

last moveable joint

Answer 22

L5 is last moveable joint & S1 is fixed to sacrum

Question 23

which level bears the most weight of any vertebral level & also has the most movement in the lumbar spine? (lumbosacral joint)

Answer 23

L5-S1 region

factors all contribute to stress/ wear & tear

Question 24

LUMBOSACRAL JOINT (L5-S1) - iliolumbar ligament

Answer 24

connects L5 transverse process to posterior ilium, helps prevent anterior displacement of L5

Question 25

LUMBOSACRAL JOINT (L5-S1) - movements

Answer 25

most common site of problems, vertebra bears more weight than any other vertebra in spine

-transition from a mobile L5 to a stationary S1 segment

this facet joint has greatest angle, therefore more stresses on facet joint surfaces

Question 26

L5-S1 intervertebral Joints (lumbosacral joint) - ligaments

Answer 26

-anterior longitudinal
-posterior longitudinal
-iliolumbar ligaments

Question 27

full spine - normal end feels

Answer 27

bony, soft tissue approximation, tissue stretch

spine: all ranges = tissue stretch normal end feel

Question 28

full spine - abnormal end feels

Answer 28

-early spasm: muscle/ligament tear
-late spasm: instability
-empty: ligament rupture or tear
-hard: bony approximation (osteophyte)