quiz #8 - spine Flashcards
cervical spine
facet joints
intervertebral joints
thoracic spine
facet joints
intervertebral joints
ribs
lumbar spine
facet joints - L5, S1 facet joints
intervertebral joints - L5, S1 intervertebral
facet joints
inferior facets of vertebra above articulate with superior facets of vertebra below
intervertebral joints
consist of intervertebral disc lying in between two adjacent vertebra
all three form a fibrocartilaginous joint that allows slight movement
facet/ zygopophyseal joint - type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding, flexion, extension, some lateral flexion with rotation
facet/ zygopophyseal joint - articular surfaces
inferior condylar facet of superior vertebra, superior condylar facet of inferior vertebra
facet/ zygopophyseal joint - accessory ligaments
-articular capsule
-supraspinous
-interspinous
-ligamentum flavum
-intertransverse
cervical spine - coupled motions
motions that always occur together
-in entire spine, rotation & lateral flexion always occurring together except at C1/C2:
due to shape & orientation of bones & joints
C2-T5 - coupled motions
lateral flexion & rotation on ipsilateral side (same)
T6-L5 - coupled motions
lateral flexion & rotation on contralateral side (opposite)
spine - loose packed position
midway between flexion & extension
spine - close packed position
full extension
capsular pattern of restriction
side flexion & rotation equally limited, then extension
intervertebral joints - type & movements
cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial
flexion, extension, lateral flexion & some rotation
intervertebral joints - articular surfaces
inferior body of superior vertebra, superior body of inferior vertebra, intervertebral disc (containing annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus inside)
intervertebral joints - ligaments
-anterior longitudinal
-posterior longitudinal
THORACIC spine - ROM
forward flexion: 20-45
extension: 25-45
lateral flexion (side): 20-40
rotation: 35-50
LUMBAR spine - ROM
forward flexion: 40-60
extension: 20-35
lateral flexion (side): 15-20
rotation: 3-18
at the end of vertebral column at L5…
is the last intervertebral disc & facet articulation with sacrum
what region is the most common site for damage or injury? (lumbosacral joint)
L5-S1
last moveable joint
L5 is last moveable joint & S1 is fixed to sacrum
which level bears the most weight of any vertebral level & also has the most movement in the lumbar spine? (lumbosacral joint)
L5-S1 region
factors all contribute to stress/ wear & tear
LUMBOSACRAL JOINT (L5-S1) - iliolumbar ligament
connects L5 transverse process to posterior ilium, helps prevent anterior displacement of L5
LUMBOSACRAL JOINT (L5-S1) - movements
most common site of problems, vertebra bears more weight than any other vertebra in spine
-transition from a mobile L5 to a stationary S1 segment
this facet joint has greatest angle, therefore more stresses on facet joint surfaces
L5-S1 intervertebral Joints (lumbosacral joint) - ligaments
-anterior longitudinal
-posterior longitudinal
-iliolumbar ligaments
full spine - normal end feels
bony, soft tissue approximation, tissue stretch
spine: all ranges = tissue stretch normal end feel
full spine - abnormal end feels
-early spasm: muscle/ligament tear
-late spasm: instability
-empty: ligament rupture or tear
-hard: bony approximation (osteophyte)
