quiz #1 (short) Flashcards
arthrokinematics
movements that occur inside joints
(roll, spin, glide)
osteokinematics
movement of body parts
(flexion, extension, ADD)
joints classifications
- structure (how they look)
- function (how much movement occurs)
- biomechanical properties (how they move)
structural joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
functional joints
synarthrosis: immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly movable
diarthrosis: freely movable (synovial)
biomechanical properties
simple: two articulating surfaces
complex: two or more
compound: three or more
fibrous joints
sutures
syndesmosis
interosseous membrane
cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis
symphysis
epiphyseal cartilage
articular capsule - 2 membranes
FIBROUS (outside): dense irregular CT, mostly collagen, connects periosteum of articulating bones
SYNOVIAL (inside): areolar CT with elastic fibers, synoviocytes produce synovial fluid that contains hyaluronic acid
synovial fluid functions
-lubricates synovial cavity
-reduces friction
-shock absorbers
-supplies oxygen & nutrients
-take away wastes like carbon dioxide
-contains phagocytes to remove normal debris or microbes from wear & tear
labrum
fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from edge of joint socket
-helps deepen socket & increase surface area of contact between ball & socket
synovial joint types
plane
hinge
pivot
saddle
condyloid
ball & socket
joint surfaces described in 3 ways
roll: one bone rolling on another
spin: one bone spins on another
slide/ glide: one bone slides on another
4 main types of movement
gliding
angular movements
rotation
special movements
special movements
elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
inversion/ eversion
dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
radial/ ulnar deviation
supination/ pronation
opposition
2 common ways to measure ROM
PROM passive (relaxed): therapist makes motion (anatomic barrier = end of PROM)
AROM active: patient “actively” contracts (physiologic barrier = end of AROM
closed packed position
joint position where articulating bones have their maximum area of contact = maximum congruency
-joint stability is greatest
-maximum contact, mobility, stability
*injury: fracture / dislocation
open (loose) packed position
joint position where joint surfaces become separated = minimal congruency
-minimal contact & stability
-joint under least amount of stress
*injury: sprains & strains, swelling
capsular pattern of restriction
predictable pattern of movement restriction that occurs in synovial joint when entire joint capsule is injured / affected
-only joints controlled by mm have capsular pattern
*MOST restricted to LEAST restricted
proprioception
type of sensation that tells our brain where our body is in spaced
kinesthesia
perception of body movements
3 types of proprioceptors around joints
muscle spindles: within skeletal muscle
tendon organs: within tendons
joint kinesthetic receptors: within synovial joint capsule
SPRAIN - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
stretching / tearing or ligament
DISLOCATION - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
joint alignment interrupted
SUBLUXATION - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
partial / incomplete dislocation of joint
BURSITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
inflammation of bursa around joint
TENDINITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
inflammation of tendon / tendon sheath (tenosynovitis)
ARTHRITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)
inflammation of joint
caused by: age related degeneration, past trauma, inflammatory/ autoimmune disease
