quiz #1 (short)

Question 1

arthrokinematics

Answer 1

movements that occur inside joints
(roll, spin, glide)

Question 2

osteokinematics

Answer 2

movement of body parts
(flexion, extension, ADD)

Question 3

joints classifications

Answer 3

1. structure (how they look)
2. function (how much movement occurs)
3. biomechanical properties (how they move)

Question 4

structural joints

Answer 4

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 5

functional joints

Answer 5

synarthrosis: immovable
amphiarthrosis: slightly movable
diarthrosis: freely movable (synovial)

Question 6

biomechanical properties

Answer 6

simple: two articulating surfaces
complex: two or more
compound: three or more

Question 7

fibrous joints

Answer 7

sutures
syndesmosis
interosseous membrane

Question 8

cartilaginous joints

Answer 8

synchondrosis
symphysis
epiphyseal cartilage

Question 9

articular capsule - 2 membranes

Answer 9

FIBROUS (outside): dense irregular CT, mostly collagen, connects periosteum of articulating bones
SYNOVIAL (inside): areolar CT with elastic fibers, synoviocytes produce synovial fluid that contains hyaluronic acid

Question 10

synovial fluid functions

Answer 10

-lubricates synovial cavity
-reduces friction
-shock absorbers
-supplies oxygen & nutrients
-take away wastes like carbon dioxide
-contains phagocytes to remove normal debris or microbes from wear & tear

Question 11

labrum

Answer 11

fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from edge of joint socket
-helps deepen socket & increase surface area of contact between ball & socket

Question 12

synovial joint types

Answer 12

plane
hinge
pivot
saddle
condyloid
ball & socket

Question 13

joint surfaces described in 3 ways

Answer 13

roll: one bone rolling on another
spin: one bone spins on another
slide/ glide: one bone slides on another

Question 14

4 main types of movement

Answer 14

gliding
angular movements
rotation
special movements

Question 15

special movements

Answer 15

elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
inversion/ eversion
dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
radial/ ulnar deviation
supination/ pronation
opposition

Question 16

2 common ways to measure ROM

Answer 16

PROM passive (relaxed): therapist makes motion (anatomic barrier = end of PROM)
AROM active: patient “actively” contracts (physiologic barrier = end of AROM

Question 17

closed packed position

Answer 17

joint position where articulating bones have their maximum area of contact = maximum congruency
-joint stability is greatest
-maximum contact, mobility, stability
*injury: fracture / dislocation

Question 18

open (loose) packed position

Answer 18

joint position where joint surfaces become separated = minimal congruency
-minimal contact & stability
-joint under least amount of stress
*injury: sprains & strains, swelling

Question 19

capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 19

predictable pattern of movement restriction that occurs in synovial joint when entire joint capsule is injured / affected
-only joints controlled by mm have capsular pattern
*MOST restricted to LEAST restricted

Question 20

proprioception

Answer 20

type of sensation that tells our brain where our body is in spaced

Question 21

kinesthesia

Answer 21

perception of body movements

Question 22

3 types of proprioceptors around joints

Answer 22

muscle spindles: within skeletal muscle
tendon organs: within tendons
joint kinesthetic receptors: within synovial joint capsule

Question 23

SPRAIN - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 23

stretching / tearing or ligament

Question 24

DISLOCATION - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 24

joint alignment interrupted

Question 25

SUBLUXATION - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 25

partial / incomplete dislocation of joint

Question 26

BURSITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 26

inflammation of bursa around joint

Question 27

TENDINITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 27

inflammation of tendon / tendon sheath (tenosynovitis)

Question 28

ARTHRITIS - common joint disorders (arthropathies)

Answer 28

inflammation of joint
caused by: age related degeneration, past trauma, inflammatory/ autoimmune disease