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ARTHROLOGY > quiz #5 - knee > Flashcards

quiz #5 - knee Flashcards

1
Q

knee joints

A

tibiofemoral (knee)
patellofemoral

proximal/ superior tibiofibular
mid tibiofibular
distal tibiofibular

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2
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - type & movements

A

synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, biaxial

gliding, flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral/external rotation, medial/internal rotation

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3
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - articular surfaces

A

convex medial & lateral femoral condyles
with concave medial & lateral superior articular surfaces of tibia (tibial plateaus)

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4
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - ligaments

A

EXTRACAPSULAR: fibrous capsule, patellar (P), medial & lateral patellar retinaculum, tibial/ medial collateral (P), fibular/ lateral collateral (P), oblique popliteal & arcuate popliteal

INTRACAPSULAR: ACL, PCL, posterior meniscofemoral, transverse, coronary (P), medial & lateral menisci

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5
Q

intracapsular/ extracapsular

A

intra: ACL, PCL

extra: MCL, LCL

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6
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

from medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
to anterior aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence

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7
Q

what does the ACL resist & what is it taut in

A

resists anterior translation & medial rotation of tibia on femur

taut in hyperextension

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8
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

from posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

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9
Q

what does the PCL resist & what is it taut in

A

resists posterior translation of tibia on femur

taut in hyperflexion

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10
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL) - (tibial collateral Ligament)

A

resists VALGUS forces

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11
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL) - (fibular collateral Ligament)

A

resists VARUS forces

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12
Q

MENISCUS - function

A

acts to disperse weight evenly & to reduce friction with movement

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13
Q

medial meniscus

A

attached to MCL & semimembranosus muscle/tendon

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14
Q

lateral meniscus

A

attached to PCL & popliteus muscle

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15
Q

how are meniscus attached to each other?

A

menisci attached to each other ANTERIORLY by TRANSVERSE ligament of knee, & to margins of head of tibia by coronary ligaments

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16
Q

BURSAE

A

suprapatellar, superficial & deep infrapatellar, prepatellar, popliteal & semimembranosus

4 additional bursae related to: tendon of insertion of biceps femoris, tendons on insertion of sartorius, gracilis & semitendinosus, origins of lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius

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17
Q

4 main bursa

A

suprapetella
prepatella
infrapatella
semimembranosus

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18
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - loose packed position

A

25º flexion

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19
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - close packed position

A

full extension, lateral rotation of tibia

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20
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - capsular pattern of restriction

A

flexion first, then extension

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21
Q

NORMAL end feel

A

flexion: soft tissue or bony approximation

extension: elastic/firm, tissue stretch

22
Q

ABNORMAL end feel

A

boggy: joint effusion, ligamentous pathology

springy block: loose body (displaced meniscus)

23
Q

tibiofemoral (knee) joint - ROM

A

Flexion: 0-135º
Extension: 0-15º
Internal Rotation: 20-30º
External Rotation: 30-40º

24
Q

flexion & extension - roll & slide

A

FLEX: roll = POSTERIOR, slide = POSTERIOR
EXT: roll = ANTERIOR, slide = ANTERIOR

25
Q

open kinetic chain (kicking a ball)

A

-flexion: concave tibial plateau rolls & glides
posterior on convex femoral condyles
-extension: concave tibial plateau rolls & glides
anterior on convex femoral condyles

26
Q

closed kinetic chain (squat)

A

-flexion: femoral condyles roll & glide posterior on tibial plateau (squatting)
-extension: femoral condyles roll & glide anterior on tibial plateau (moving from squatting to standing)

27
Q

genu valgum

A

Q angle greater than 22° in women & 18° in men

= “knocked knees”

28
Q

genu varum

A

Q angle less than 0°, distal tibia points medially

= “bow legs”

29
Q

genu recurvatum

A

hyperextension of knee

30
Q

patellofemoral joint - location

A

small bone in front of knee, embedded in quadriceps (thigh muscle) tendon

called a sesamoid bone

31
Q

patellofemoral joint - function

A

acts to increase the biomechanical leverage of quadriceps muscle

32
Q

patella slides in groove of femur as the knee…

A

flexes & extends

33
Q

patella ‘floats’ within substance of quadriceps…

A

tracking of this bone in femoral groove is dependent on proper mm balance to maintain a central position

34
Q

patellofemoral joint - type & mvoements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial

superior/inferior glide, medial/lateral glide, tilt, rotation

35
Q

patellofemoral joint - articular surfaces

A

concave posterior surface of patella

convex trochlear surface of distal anterior femur

36
Q

patellofemoral joint - ligaments

A

patellar ligament (tendon)
medial & lateral patellofemoral ligament

37
Q

patellofemoral joint - loose packed position

A

full extension

38
Q

patellofemoral joint - close packed position

A

full flexion

39
Q

patellofemoral joint - capsular pattern of restriction

A

flexion first, then extension

40
Q

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - type & movements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

gliding

41
Q

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

A

articular facet on fibular head

facet on lateral tibial condyle

42
Q

proximal/ superior tibiofibular joint - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule, anterior & posterior superior tibiofibular, lateral collateral, upper interosseous membrane

43
Q

mid-tibiofibular joint - type & movements

A

fibrous, (interosseous) syndesmosis, amphiarthrotic, uniaxial

slight

44
Q

mid-tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

A

interosseous membrane connecting shafts of tibia & fibula

45
Q

mid-tibiofibular joint - ligaments

A

interosseous membrane

46
Q

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint - type & movements

A

fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial

gliding

47
Q

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces

A

articular area on inferior end of fibula

facet on inferior end of tibia

48
Q

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint - ligaments

A

interosseous membrane (lower), anterior & posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments

49
Q

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint - movement: 1-2mm during dorsiflexion at ankle joint

A

dorsiflexion causes fibula to move superiorly, which also causes proximal/superior tibiofibular joint to be stressed

50
Q

screw home mechanism

A

= key element to knee stability for standing upright
-during knee extension, tibia glides anteriorly on femur & PCL elongates

-during last 20º of knee extension, anterior tibial glide persists on tibia medial condyle (articular surface longer) prolonged anterior glide on medial side produces EXTERNAL tibial rotation (“screw-home” mechanism)
*reverses during knee flexion

51
Q

gait cycle

A

tibia internally rotates during swing phase (knee flexion)

tibia externally rotates during stance phase (knee extension)

ARTHROLOGY (11 decks)

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