quiz #6 - ankle Flashcards
hindfoot - joints
-distal tibiofibular
-talocrural (mortise/ankle)
-subtalar (talocalcaneal)
midfoot - joints
-talocalcaneonavicular
-cuboideonavicular
-calcaneocuboid
-distal intertarsals
(intercuneiform, cuneonavicular, cuneocuboid)
forefoot - joints
-tarsometatarsal
-intermetatarsal
-metatarsophalangeal
-interphalangeal
distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint (review)
fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
-articular area on inferior end of fibula with facet on inferior end of tibia
ligaments: interosseous membrane (lower), anterior & posterior inferior tibiofibular
gliding
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: type & movements
synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: articular surfaces
inferior articular & medial malleolar surfaces of tibia
lateral malleolar articular surface of fibula
trochlea of talus
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-medial collateral (deltoid) ligament (posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar)
-lateral collateral (anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular)
what is the “deltoid” ligament also known as?
medial collateral ligament
medial collateral (deltoid) ligament - talocrural
*“tibio” first
-posterior tibiotalar
-tibiocalcaneal
-tibionavicular
-anterior tibiotalar
lateral collateral ligament - talocrural
*bone & “fibular” second
-anterior talofibular
-posterior talofibular
-calcaneofibular
which lateral collateral ligament is most commonly sprained & what is the mechanism of injury? (talocrural)
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
inversion ankle sprain
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: loose packed position
10º plantar flexion, midway between eversion & inversion
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: close packed position
maximum dorsiflexion
talocrural (ankle/ mortise) joint - hindfoot: capsular pattern of restriction
plantar flexion first, then dorsiflexion
dorsiflexion & plantar flexion - roll/ slide (talocrural)
dorsiflexion: roll = anterior, slide = posterior
plantar flexion: roll = posterior, slide = anterior
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial
gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: articular surfaces
posterior, anterior & middle articular surface for calcaneus on talus
facets on superior surface of calcaneus
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-medial, lateral & posterior talocalcaneal
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: loose packed position
midway between extremes of ROM
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: close packed position
supination (inversion)
subtalar/ talocalcaneal joint - hindfoot: capsular pattern of restriction
limited ROM
talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: type & movements
synovial, both ball & socket, & plane, diarthrosis, multiaxial
gliding & rotation, inversion & eversion
talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: articular surfaces
facet on head of talus, facet on proximal side of navicular, anterior talar facet, middle talar facet, sustentaculum tali
talocalcaneonavicular joint - midfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-dorsal talonavicular
-plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
-calcaneonavicular portion of bifurcate ligament
what is the “spring” ligament also known as?
plantar calcaneonavicular
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: type & movements
synovial, saddle, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding & rotation
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: articular surfaces
anterior articular surface of calcaneus, posterior articular surface of cuboid
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-calcaneocuboid portion of bifurcate ligament
-plantar calcaneocuboid/short plantar
-long plantar ligament
-dorsal calcaneocuboid
2 main accessory ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint
-short planater (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament
-long plantar ligament
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: loose packed position
midway between extremes of ROM
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: close packed position
supination (inversion)
calcaneocuboid joint - midfoot: capsular pattern of restriction
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: type & movements
fibrous, uniaxial
gliding & rotation
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: articular surfaces
articular surface on lateral aspect of navicular, articular surface on posteromedial side of cuboid
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-dorsal cuboideonavicular
-interosseous cuboideonavicular
-long plantar
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: loose packed position
midway between extremes of ROM
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: close packed position
supination (inversion)
cuboideonavicular joint - midfoot: capsular pattern of restriction
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation
distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding & rotation
distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: articular surfaces
articular surface of navicular, cuboid, cuneiform, metatarsals
distal intertarsal joints - midfoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsules
-dorsal & plantar cuneonavicular
-intercuneiform
-cuneocuboid
MIDFOOT - loose/ close packed position & capsular pattern of restriction (talocalcaneonavicular
cuboideonavicular, calcaneocuboid
distal Intertarsal)
loose: midway between extremes of ROM
close: supination (inversion)
capsular pattern: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, ADDuction, medial rotation
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding
*links forefoot to rearfoot
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces
articular surfaces of convex distal tarsals, & concave bases of metatarsals
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsules
-dorsal interosseous
-long plantar
-interosseous
-Lisfranc ligament
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: loose packed position
midway between extremes of ROM
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: close packed position
supination (inversion)
tarsometatarsal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction
NONE
intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: type & movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding
intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces
adjacent surfaces of bases of metatarsals
intermetatarsal joints - forefoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsules
-dorsal, plantar, interosseous intermetatarsal
-deep transverse metatarsal
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: type & movements
synovial, condyloid, diarthrosis, biaxial
flexion, extension, ADD, ABD
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces
convex heads of metatarsals, concave bases of proximal phalanges
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-medial collateral
-lateral collateral
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: loose packed position
10º extension
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: close packed position
full extension
metatarsophalangeal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction
big toe: extension, flexion
2-5 toes: variable
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: type & movements
synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial
flexion, extension
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: articular surfaces
heads of proximal phalanges, bases of distal phalanges
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: ligaments
-fibrous capsule
-medial collateral
-lateral collateral
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: loose packed position
slight flexion
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: close packed position
full extension
interphalangeal joints - forefoot: capsular pattern of restriction
flexion, extension
plantar fascia
flat, thick band of CT that connects calcaneal tuberosity to ligaments around heads of metatarsal bones
supports arch on bottom of foot & is very strong
plantar fasciitis
if plantar fascia is stretched/ overworked & becomes inflamed
retinacula of ankle
retinaculum = band of thickened deep fascia
occurs in region of body where tendon groups pass through, usually around joints
function: stabilize & hold tendons in place
3 retinacula of ankle
-superior & inferior extensor retinaculum
-superior & inferior fibular retinaculum
-flexor retinaculum
superior & inferior extensor retinaculum
holds down extensor tendons
superior & inferior fibular retinaculum
holds down fibular or peroneal tendons
flexor retinaculum
holds down flexor tendons
bursa
fluid filled sac, cushions & lubricates against friction between tendons & bones when moving against each other
bursa of ankle - location
one main region that gets high friction & require bursa: between calcaneus & achilles tendon
2 bursa between achilles tendon & calcaneus
superficial or subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
deep or retrocalcaneal bursa