Quiz 7 Flashcards
transmissible gastroenteritis
Most deadly and most feared of baby pig diarrhea
Lose most pigs farrowed over 2-3 week period
Etiology: coronavirus- appears like petals under microscope
Infection occurs via ingestion
Virus easily destroyed by detergents and inactivated by warm attempts, drying and sunlight
Virus resistant to acid and survives well in cold, dark environments, survives indefinitely when frozen
Has affinity for S.I cells, virus multiples and cells explode resulting in severe villus atrophy which decreases absorption and digestion
Tge clinical signs
Newborn pigs:
-severe, diarrhea starts 18-30 hours after exposure. Born healthy and see signs the next day. Immediate diarrhea is not GE
-first clinical sign is always vomiting followed by thin and watery diarrhea (yellowish puddles). Pigs become thirsty and dehydrated, they drink water
-highly sensitive to chilling and are difficult to save <2 weeks of age
> 3 weeks
-mild disease, vomiting, fluids diarrhea 1-3 days
Sows
-fever, vomiting, anorexia
TGE diagnosis
History, histopathology, fluoresecent Ab test
TGE prevention
Vaccines not effective, use natural planned infection
Sanitation concerns are extremely important
Often seen in winter and spread via swine, man, starlings
TGE treatment
Fluids (H20, electrolytes)
Increase temperature > 90 F
Planned infection
Swine coccidiosis
Contributes to 10-15% of all baby pig scours
8/9 species are genus eimeria
Microscopic, species specific, single called Protozoa that invades intestinal lining
Infects pigs 7-10 days of age- yellow to light green fluid feces
Pigs scour for 4-10 days and severity depends on degree of infection
Severe infection results in dehydration and mortality around 30-70%
Swine coccidiosis diffential
E. Coli (happens earlier on)
TGE (vomiting)
Rotavirus (3 week old diarrhea, white)
Swine coccidiosis diagnosis
Discovery of oocysts in feces, necropsy/ histopathology and history
Swine coccidiosis treatment
No federally licensed or approved for swine, several sulfa drugs that have been of value, prevention more effective then treatment
Swine coccidiosis prevention
Good sanitation- oocysts are shed in feces
Clean sows prior to entering farrowing
All in all out farrowing
Steam cleaning and 5-10% solution of soapy ammonia will remove and decrease numbers of infective oocysts
Rotavirus diarrhea
Very resistant to decreased pH and disinfectants enabling survival for long periods of time under normal conditions
Affects pigs 1-6 weeks old
“Milk scours”/ white scours/ 3 week old scour
More pigs get this diseases at 3 weeks due to decrease in maternal ab and dilution of Ab due to pigs ingesting creep feed and water
Sows not sick with this disease
Early weaned pigs more susceptible to severe infection
Initial or reaper infectious disrupt intestinal lining, 3-7 days post weaning. Concurrent E. Coli infection increases mortality
Continuous farrowing, buildup or organisms, results in infection of younger animals
Rotavirus diarrhea clinical signs
Initially liquid white stool, then turns creamy/ pasty
Undigested milk in the intestine, milk curd is in stomach
Transient diarrhea usually self correcting, mild disease characterized by short term diarrhea
Increased mortality when simultaneous infectious with E.Coli, TGE, clostridia, coccidiosis, decrease intake of immune milk or stresses such as chilling
Rotavirus diarrhea diagnosis
Lab, submit intestinal sections
Rotavirus diarrhea prevention
Optimal management conditions
Not blood Ab levels but continual milk Ab present
Toxoplasmosis
Etiology: toxoplasma gondii- Protozoa parasite
ZOONOTIC
Caused by consumption of undercooked pork
Cats are definitive hosts for parasite
Infection during pregnancy results in infection of fetus
Easily killed by cooking, freezing, or irradiation
Toxoplasmosis clinical signs
Most signs are minor and disease is sub clinical
Pigs born sick/ dead or become sick 3 hours after birth
#1 sign is labored breathing, fever, general weakness, diarrhea, nervous signs, and occasionally loss of vision
Mummified or stillborn pigs also result
Toxoplasmosis diagnosis
Serum antibody test; dead pig necropsy and histopathology
Toxoplasmosis prevention
Keep cats out of swine barns, feed and water
Remove dead pigs to prevent cannibalism
Rodents should be controlled
Never feed uncooked garbage to pigs
Salmonella choleraesuis
Gram negative bacteria that lives with or without oxygen
S. Choleraesuis causes 70-90% of salmonella cases in pigs
S. Typhimurium causes 10-30% of other cases
ZOONOTIC
Live vaccine on the way, MLV effectively utilized
Salmonella choleraesuis outbreak causes
Poor sanitation
Commingling
Overcrowding
Transportation
Inclement weather
Nutritional changes
Parasitism
Aflatoxins in feed
Concurrent disease
Salmonella choleraesuis clinical signs
Acute septicemia, diarrhea, death without for warning signs. Anorexic, lethargic, shallow cough, Pyrexia, and neurologic involvement
Salmonella choleraesuis diagnosis
Lab isolation and identification of organism
Salmonella choleraesuis treatment
Proper systemic antibiotics, remove and isolate all sick pigs, thorough cleaning of pens, water bowls, etc. Decrease stress, ample and clean water supply, dry clean and well-ventilated pens
Swine arthritis
Major factor in swine lameness
Disease results from injection of joints
Leading cause of loss at slaughter
Low mortality, slower and less efficient gains, lowers adult performance
Etiology: streptococcus suits- acute or chronic
“Joint ill” found in baby pigs with navel infection
Rough flooring/ bedding material causes abrasions of legs and increased invasion by organisms
Morbidity
Swine arthritis clinical signs
Pyrexia, roughened hair coat depression, lameness, and weight loss. One or several joints may be involved
Swine arthritis diagnosis
Sudden lameness, joint enlargement, fever especially in pigs 1-3 weeks old
Swine arthritis treatment
Penicillin, lincocin, C/S
Auto genius or commercially available vaccine
Erysipelas arthritis
Etiology: erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, gram + bacteria
Acute, subacute and/ or chronic disease
Chronic form: arthritic, endocarditis, inflammation of heart valves, diamond skin disease
Sudden death of pigs 1-3 weeks old
Erysipelas arthritis clinical signs
Temp 104-108 F, anorexic, stiff,lame, reluctant to move and shifting leg lamenesss
Erysipelas arthritis diagnosis
Isolation of organism from joint
Tap joint
Erysipelas arthritis treatment
Penicillin and antiserum if has acute outbreak
Erysipelas arthritis prevention
Vaccinate sow herd and pigs
Very common, almost everyone vaccinate for
Mycoplasma arthritis
Affects pigs 3-10 weeks of age
Acute lameness, shifting leg lameness
Mycoplasma arthritis prevention
Increase manager skill
Minimize unnecessary stress
Mycoplasma arthritis diagnosis
Isolation of organism from joint
Mycoplasma arthritis treatment
Tylan 200, lincocin
Streptococcus suis
Most common cause of meningitis in pigs submitted to diagnostic labs
Arthritis in 2 week old pig
Meningitis, sudden death, fading piglet syndrome (die 12-24 hrs after birth) due to septicemia, arthritis, myocardia’s
Streptococcus suis diagnosis
Culture bacteria out of joints, brain, etc
Streptococcus suis treatment
Antibiotics (penicillin), fluids, management factors
Streptococcus suis prevention
Vaccines and SPF herds (dont have anything)
Zoonotic certain strains cause flu-like symptoms which can result in permanent hearing loss
Pseudorabies
Mad itch
Etiology: herpes virus
Swine natural hosts of this disease, dead end hosts in other species
Spread via direct contact
When infection occurs, quarantine of premises occur
Pseudorabies diagnosis
Lab testing
Pseudorabies clinical signs
Pigs < 3 weeks
-sudden death, vomiting, anorexic, Temp= >105F
Pigs 3 weeks- 5 months old
-minimal signs, vomiting
Mature pig
-usually not severe, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
SYMPTOMS VARY
Atrophic rhinitis
Etiology: bodetella bronchiseptica
Characterized by degeneration +/- growth of nasal turbinate bones
Once a herd is infected, it is impossible to eliminate this bacteria
Good vaccine, LA 200 at day 2-3 and repeat 3 days later(we do at 7 and 21 days)
Atrophic rhinitis clinical signs
4-12 weeks of age
Sneezing, nasal discharge (bleeding), and distortions of the snout, black under eyes
Organism has affinity for respiratory tract
Swine dysentery
Bloody scours/ vibrionic dysentery/ black scours
Occurs in pi 8-14 weeks of age
Usually post weaning diarrhea with blood
Etiology: Sarpulina hydodysenteriae- anaerobic bacteria
Can affect suckling pigs or adults
Extremely contagious
Mice carry for over 200 days, vomited are important spread of disease
Spread through asymptomatic carrier pig, shed in stool
Very difficult to remove disease once established
Swine dysentery diagnosis
Lab
Swine dysentery clinical signs
Bloody mucoid diarrhea, gaunt, dehydrated, lethargic, Pyrexia
Swine dysentery treatment
BMD (bacitracin methyl dicyllicate), decrease concentration of disease, sanitation and other antibiotics
Difficult to treat, respond well to aresenic
Swine dysentery prevention
Vaccines in conjunction with decrease stress
Sanitation
Isolation of new arrivals
BMD in the feed
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Enzootic pneumonia
Chronic expiratory disease that manifests economic loss due to decreased performance
Etiology: mycoplasma hyopneumonia
Infection always associated with secondary bacterial infection
Transmission via direct pig to pig contact
99% of commercial pig herds have this, usually diagnose at slaughter checks
Mostly pigs 6-8 weeks and older
Mycoplasma pneumonia clinical signs
Dry, nonproductive cough, most noticeable after exercise, coughing occurs for 1-2 months, decreased growth/ lack of production
Mycoplasma pneumonia diagnosis
Slaughter checks
Lab= CF and ELIZA
Mycoplasma pneumonia prevention
Antibiotics- not cost effective for the results
Vaccines- 77-92% reduction f lung lesions, heavier at market
Porcine pleuropneumonia
Etiology: actinobacilluus pleuropneumonia (APP)
Serious respiratory disease of swine, increased mortality (20-40%)
Animals die in 4-8 hours after exposure if virulent
Asymptomatic carriers may occur
Transmit via aerosol droplets
Increased morbidity (up to 100%) very contagious
Affects pigs 40-250 lbs
Porcine pleuropneumonia clinical signs
Acute, especially post stress, lameness, anorexia, lerthergic, coughing, T=104-107 F, depression,abdominal “thumping” and sudden death
Bleeding from nostrils is sign it is at end stage, could be too late to treat
Porcine pleuropneumonia diagnosis
Clinical signs, characteristic lung lesions, culture for definitive diagnosis and ELISA
Scar tissue of lungs, sign of painful breathing
Porcine pleuropneumonia treatment
Penicillin
Porcine pleuropneumonia prevention
Vaccines- new gen subunits offer > protection, intranasal incolculation for piglets
Management
All in, al out
Recognition of asymptomatic carrier
Eradication
Trichinosis
Etiology: trichinella spiralis- tiny parasitic worm
ZOONOTIC, humans can be infected by consuming unproperly cooked infected pork, larvae in muscle cysts
Swine dont show clinical signs usually (cook to >160 degrees)
Do not feed uncooked garbage
Trichina- safe pork, slaughter checks, ELISA
Porcine epidemic diarrhea
First US diagnosis in Iowa 2013
Responsible for killing > 1 million pigs the next year
Most serious in neonatal piglets where morbidity and mortality are 80-100%
Transmission via fecal-oral
Control secondary injection
Etiology: coronavirus, only differentiated from TGE by lab test
No effective treatment
