Quiz 3 Flashcards
ketosis
disease of lactating cows characterized by decreased milk production, anorexia, dry feces, nervous signs (neuromuscular/ twitching), decreased body weight and ketone bodies in milk and urine (take blood or urine test)
ketosis characteristics
negative energy balance
TPR normal
pregnancy toxemia of sheep
hypoglycemia
increased circulating ketone bodies most prevalent within 6 weeks post partum in high producing cows due to lactation curve
increased salivation, abnormal behavior, abnormal chewing habits, exaggerated licking, trembling, shaking
secondary ketosis
something else there that led to ketosis (uterine infection, etc)
easier to treat
pregnancy toxemia of sheep
toxin in blood of sheep, similar presentation as cows but different timing
-occurs in older sheep, multiple lambs, as they grow negative energy balance occurs
-can’t get up, happens prior to lambing
hypoglycemia
low glucose in blood, low energy
peak intake (feed)
7 weeks
peak output (milk)
3 weeks
what causes negative energy balance
milk is higher than how much cow is eating due to different peak timing
all cows have this, not all have ketosis
post calving disease, can’t keep up with energy
ketosis diagnosis
ketostix- turn purple when positive for ketones
-chemical compounds that suppress appetite , can smell on breath (sweet)
ketosis treatment
glucose IV, glucocorticoids +/-, propylene glycol (oral), insulin (control in blood to be consistent)
ketosis prevention
avoid diet changes
introduce lactation ration 2 week prepartum
BHBA
blood test for acetones
hardware disease commonly known as
reticulitis
reticuloperitonitis
reticulopericarditis
hardware disease etioloy
small, sharp foreign objects frequently swallowed by ruminants during eating
commonly lodge in reticulum where strong contractions cause penetration through wall into the abdomen, through the diaphragm into throax into the heart
hardware disease clinical signs
anorexia
acute abdominal pain
drop in milk production
low grade pyrexia (not much, 102.5-104)
rumen stasis
grunt test positive
elevate front end
abducts elbows
peritonitis
increased WBC
reluctant to move
abducts elbows
away from body to expand chest
grunt test
pain when push on chest, run away
hardware disease diagnosis
history, clinical signs, pe, grunt test
-compass, metal detector, radiographs $, ultrasound
-chronic cases- washing machine heart sound
hardware disease differential diagnosis
ketosis
LDA
metritis
MF
trauma
hardware disease treatment
varies due to severity and chronicity
surgery-> rumenotomy (do to get to reticulum)
supportive care, rumen magnets, antibiotics, decrease physical activity, elevate front quarters, isolate cows from herd, TLC
rumen magnent
give heifers @ 6 months
used to prevent, works until passes but don’t usually pass
hardware disease prevention
installation of magnets in feed handling equipment
preventive oral administration of rumen magnets
twine bales instead of wire bales
stop bailing/ chopping too close to fence rows
reticulum
at front part of cow
milk fever
metabolic disorder caused by decrease blood calcium (hypocalcemia) usually associated with onset of lactation
usually in cows >5 years, not good at milking until about 5 years
failure of response or subclinical response of parathyroid glands to produce PTH which mobilizes calcium from bone stores
milk fever clinical signs
unsteady on feet, weak, progressing to downer cow
head turned to one side, kink in neck, characteristic S shape curve to neck
dilatated pupils, blank stare, cool/cold extremities
temperature normal or below, increased pulse and respiration
decreases anal reflex, absence of defecation, frequent straining and protrusion of the tongue
decreases anal reflex
wont constrict when thermometer entered, air gets in
milk fever differential diagnosis
injuries, toxemias, paralysis, septicemias, downer cow syndrome
milk fever treatment
IV calcium, give slowly (get up in 10-15 minutes), causes slow heart rate, have to watch how fast you give
SQ or oral gels
milk fever prevention
minimize degree of hypocalcemia that occurs in susceptible cows in parturition
dry cow ration is key, calcium: phosphorus ratio
avoid thin/ fat cows at parturition
minimize stress at calving time
treating all cows at freshening time $, increased labor, not 100% effective
lateral recumbency
bad, can’t get up from side and bloat and suffocate
-prop up
left displaced abomasum
abomasum normally lies to right of ventral midline assumes an abnormal position on left side of abdomen between rumen and left body wall
disease limited almost exclusively dairy cattle
increased incidence in 4-6 year old cows
occur within 45 days of lactation
increased incidence of herd outbreaks when producer changes feed
occurs often secondary to primary diseases (ketosis, metritis, mf)
left displaced abomasum clinical signs
anorexia, weight loss, decreased milk production
characteristic high-pitched resonant tympanic (ping)
left displaced abomasum treatment
surgery is best
roll and tack-tranquilize reef and stitch
roll
bumpy trailer ride
right displaced abomasum
can develop into abomasal torsion or “volvulus”
(pain, shock, dehydration, colic, kick at stomach)
complication: atonic abomasum
right displaced abomasum treatment
surgery plus FLUIDS
downer cow syndrome
inability to rise
symptom not a diagnosis
many diseases can ultimately cause a cow to go down
phosphorus deficiency ?
4 M’s of downer cows
rule outs
1. Metritis
2. Mastitis
3. Milk fever
4. Musculo-skeletal disorders
downer cow treatment
TLC
IV supportive therapy
MuSe injectable
hip lifts or rubber inflatables
fluids
meet caloric intake needs
