Quiz 3

Question 1

ketosis

Answer 1

disease of lactating cows characterized by decreased milk production, anorexia, dry feces, nervous signs (neuromuscular/ twitching), decreased body weight and ketone bodies in milk and urine (take blood or urine test)

Question 2

ketosis characteristics

Answer 2

negative energy balance
TPR normal
pregnancy toxemia of sheep
hypoglycemia
increased circulating ketone bodies most prevalent within 6 weeks post partum in high producing cows due to lactation curve
increased salivation, abnormal behavior, abnormal chewing habits, exaggerated licking, trembling, shaking

Question 3

secondary ketosis

Answer 3

something else there that led to ketosis (uterine infection, etc)
easier to treat

Question 4

pregnancy toxemia of sheep

Answer 4

toxin in blood of sheep, similar presentation as cows but different timing
-occurs in older sheep, multiple lambs, as they grow negative energy balance occurs
-can’t get up, happens prior to lambing

Question 5

hypoglycemia

Answer 5

low glucose in blood, low energy

Question 6

peak intake (feed)

Answer 6

7 weeks

Question 7

peak output (milk)

Answer 7

3 weeks

Question 8

what causes negative energy balance

Answer 8

milk is higher than how much cow is eating due to different peak timing
all cows have this, not all have ketosis
post calving disease, can’t keep up with energy

Question 9

ketosis diagnosis

Answer 9

ketostix- turn purple when positive for ketones
-chemical compounds that suppress appetite , can smell on breath (sweet)

Question 10

ketosis treatment

Answer 10

glucose IV, glucocorticoids +/-, propylene glycol (oral), insulin (control in blood to be consistent)

Question 11

ketosis prevention

Answer 11

avoid diet changes
introduce lactation ration 2 week prepartum

Question 12

BHBA

Answer 12

blood test for acetones

Question 13

hardware disease commonly known as

Answer 13

reticulitis
reticuloperitonitis
reticulopericarditis

Question 14

hardware disease etioloy

Answer 14

small, sharp foreign objects frequently swallowed by ruminants during eating
commonly lodge in reticulum where strong contractions cause penetration through wall into the abdomen, through the diaphragm into throax into the heart

Question 15

hardware disease clinical signs

Answer 15

anorexia
acute abdominal pain
drop in milk production
low grade pyrexia (not much, 102.5-104)
rumen stasis
grunt test positive
elevate front end
abducts elbows
peritonitis
increased WBC
reluctant to move

Question 16

abducts elbows

Answer 16

away from body to expand chest

Question 17

grunt test

Answer 17

pain when push on chest, run away

Question 18

hardware disease diagnosis

Answer 18

history, clinical signs, pe, grunt test
-compass, metal detector, radiographs $, ultrasound
-chronic cases- washing machine heart sound

Question 19

hardware disease differential diagnosis

Answer 19

ketosis
LDA
metritis
MF
trauma

Question 20

hardware disease treatment

Answer 20

varies due to severity and chronicity
surgery-> rumenotomy (do to get to reticulum)
supportive care, rumen magnets, antibiotics, decrease physical activity, elevate front quarters, isolate cows from herd, TLC

Question 21

rumen magnent

Answer 21

give heifers @ 6 months
used to prevent, works until passes but don’t usually pass

Question 22

hardware disease prevention

Answer 22

installation of magnets in feed handling equipment
preventive oral administration of rumen magnets
twine bales instead of wire bales
stop bailing/ chopping too close to fence rows

Question 23

reticulum

Answer 23

at front part of cow

Question 24

milk fever

Answer 24

metabolic disorder caused by decrease blood calcium (hypocalcemia) usually associated with onset of lactation
usually in cows >5 years, not good at milking until about 5 years
failure of response or subclinical response of parathyroid glands to produce PTH which mobilizes calcium from bone stores

Question 25

milk fever clinical signs

Answer 25

unsteady on feet, weak, progressing to downer cow
head turned to one side, kink in neck, characteristic S shape curve to neck
dilatated pupils, blank stare, cool/cold extremities
temperature normal or below, increased pulse and respiration
decreases anal reflex, absence of defecation, frequent straining and protrusion of the tongue

Question 26

decreases anal reflex

Answer 26

wont constrict when thermometer entered, air gets in

Question 27

milk fever differential diagnosis

Answer 27

injuries, toxemias, paralysis, septicemias, downer cow syndrome

Question 28

milk fever treatment

Answer 28

IV calcium, give slowly (get up in 10-15 minutes), causes slow heart rate, have to watch how fast you give
SQ or oral gels

Question 29

milk fever prevention

Answer 29

minimize degree of hypocalcemia that occurs in susceptible cows in parturition
dry cow ration is key, calcium: phosphorus ratio
avoid thin/ fat cows at parturition
minimize stress at calving time
treating all cows at freshening time $, increased labor, not 100% effective

Question 30

lateral recumbency

Answer 30

bad, can’t get up from side and bloat and suffocate
-prop up

Question 31

left displaced abomasum

Answer 31

abomasum normally lies to right of ventral midline assumes an abnormal position on left side of abdomen between rumen and left body wall
disease limited almost exclusively dairy cattle
increased incidence in 4-6 year old cows
occur within 45 days of lactation
increased incidence of herd outbreaks when producer changes feed
occurs often secondary to primary diseases (ketosis, metritis, mf)

Question 32

left displaced abomasum clinical signs

Answer 32

anorexia, weight loss, decreased milk production
characteristic high-pitched resonant tympanic (ping)

Question 33

left displaced abomasum treatment

Answer 33

surgery is best
roll and tack-tranquilize reef and stitch
roll
bumpy trailer ride

Question 34

right displaced abomasum

Answer 34

can develop into abomasal torsion or “volvulus”
(pain, shock, dehydration, colic, kick at stomach)
complication: atonic abomasum

Question 35

right displaced abomasum treatment

Answer 35

surgery plus FLUIDS

Question 36

downer cow syndrome

Answer 36

inability to rise
symptom not a diagnosis
many diseases can ultimately cause a cow to go down
phosphorus deficiency ?

Question 37

4 M’s of downer cows

Answer 37

rule outs
1. Metritis
2. Mastitis
3. Milk fever
4. Musculo-skeletal disorders

Question 38

downer cow treatment

Answer 38

TLC
IV supportive therapy
MuSe injectable
hip lifts or rubber inflatables
fluids
meet caloric intake needs