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Large Animal Med > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

The organism causing overeating disease is an

A

Anaerobic organism

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2
Q

A 20 lb lamb is born and slow to nurse. In the first 12-24 hours, how many pounds of colostrum are given?

A

1 lb of colostrum
(5% of body weight)

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3
Q

Hairy sharks results from a Protozoa infection and results in lambs born with hairy coat and a nervous condition

A

False, viral infection

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4
Q

Which is not a zoonotic disease
Brucellosis
Tetanus
toxoplasmosis
Contagious ecthyma

A

Tetanus

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5
Q

Glucouria is a pathognomic sign for what disease in lambs

A

Enterotoxemia

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6
Q

Nutritional muscular dystrophy is a deficiency of

A

vitamins E and Selenium

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7
Q

When lambing pens are too small, the incidence of trauma increases

A

True

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8
Q

Respiratory disease is one of the top 2 causes of economic loss in sheep of an age

A

True

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9
Q

Sharing, clutching, and tagging pregnant ewes will prevent e Coli scours

A

False, decreases incidence

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10
Q

If lambs are born with inherited entropion, both parents have at least one gene for the condition

A

True

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11
Q

Name 3 different methods to fix entropion in new born lambs

A

Create a cut below the eye with no stitch
Inject with mineral oil
Pinch and rubber band

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12
Q

Why is pasterulla hemolytica a common isolate from baby lambs with pneumonia

A

Naturally occurs in ewes nose, so they contract when too curious and lack ewe nose without having immunity yet

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13
Q

Ending -Emia means

A

Bloodstream

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14
Q

-enero means

A

Intestines

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15
Q

Name two management strategies to decrease naval ill in lambs

A

Dip naval in 0.5-1% iodine after birth
Ensure there is clean environment

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16
Q

What medical condition can cause entropion in adult sheep

A

Dehydration

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17
Q

Name two findings on necropsy that supports a neonatal lamb dying if starvation

A

Empty stomach and intestines
No internal fat on kidneys or heart

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18
Q

Another name for tetanus is lockjaw. Explain how his name arose

A

Due to Clostridium tetanus bacterial toxin causing facial paresis, and it get absorbed by peripheral nerves and into CNS

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19
Q

What typ of procedural process treating lambs results in an increase in tetanus infections?

A

Banding procedures

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20
Q

What is the most important non-infectious cause of death in baby lambs

A

Starvation

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21
Q

The producer exclaimed, when this lamb is born and lives, it will be worth $20000. How ca i provide this lamb the best possible colostrum

A

The ewe should be middle aged so she will have a greater antibody pool from more boosters. Give colostrum via tube so lamb can get passive immunity, and any boosters should be given at least 4 weeks before lamb is born

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22
Q

A QQ ram will get scrapie and is thus not worth very much money

A

False, he could get if came into contact

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23
Q

Scrapie in sheep has a viral etiology

A

False,

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24
Q

Lambs diagnosed with ovine, progressive pneumonia will respond to appropriate antibotic therapy

A

False

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25
Q

Scrapie in sheep is a similar disease to
Kuru in Papua New Guinea in humans
Transmissible mink encephalopathy
Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer and elk

A

All of the above

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26
Q

The etiology of caseous lymphadenopathy is a bacteria, so appropriate antibiotic therapy is curative

A

False, untreatable

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27
Q

Mastitis in sheep is more difficult to treat than mastitis in the cow

A

True

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28
Q

Which disease is not zoonotic
Lepto
Brucellosis
Salnellosis
Toxoplasmosis

A

All of the above

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29
Q

Grain overload/ founder results in acidic pH of the rumen

A

True

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30
Q

Which statement is not true about polioenecphalomalacia
Can cause star gazers
Can be caused by increased consumption of brackenfern plant
Is a disease of the peripheral nervous system
Can cause blindness

A

Is a disease of the peripheral nervous system, actually CNS

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31
Q

Polioencephalomalacia is a nutrional disease

A

True, vitamin B deficiency

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32
Q

Name the big 3 disease that cause abortions in ewes

A

Vibriosis
Toxoplasmosis
Chlamydiosis

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33
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of mucous membranes that could indicate liver disease

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34
Q

What is the pathognomic sign of enterotoxemia

A

High urine glucose

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35
Q

What is the significance of scrapie tag?

A

Allows tracing back to farm/ flock of origin

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36
Q

Lambs were born with deformities that included long and bent legs, curved and twisted spines, flatted rib cages, abnormally long necks, and splayed eggs. This disease is

A

Spider Lamb Syndrome

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37
Q

The fact that we are seeing spider lambs in other purebred breeds indicates what

A

That sheep with spider lamb syndrome (as carrier) were cross bred into herds, which produced carriers in the herd. As they are bred more it will lead to lambs getting homozygous Q, which will make them more susceptible to disease if thy come into contact with it.

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38
Q

The technical name for circling disease in sheep is

A

Listeriosis

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39
Q

Name 3 ways to prevent Salmonellosis

A

Good sanitation
Isolate sick ewes
Don’t feed on ground

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40
Q

When we are surgically treating sheep with caseous lymphadenitis, how do we mature an abscess

A

When feeling it, if it is hard you can use a heat pack to mature it

41
Q

Why are ewes with pregnancy toxemia anorexic

A

Ewes with ketosis have a negative energy balance, and the lambs may take up a lot of space and push on the rumen, which gives the ewe the sensation that she is full

42
Q

SPF means swine which are free from virus pig pnemonia, infectious atrophic rhinitis, external parasites, vibrio Coli dysentery and any other disease or condition spread by indirect contact

A

True

43
Q

Vaccines never provide complete protection against disease

A

True

44
Q

All same aged pigs should be kept together

A

False, by size

45
Q

Which health practice is most important in controlling swine disease?
Proper temperature regulation
Good nutrition
Good ventilation
Superior sanitation

A

All of the above

46
Q

Routine slaughter checked of at least __ of a production group of market-sized hogs by a vet will provide considerable herd health information to the producer

A

20%

47
Q

Atrophic rhinitis, a bacterial infection, exists in almost every commercial herd to some degree

A

True

48
Q

Oral iron is an acceptable method to control and eliminate baby pig anemia

A

False

49
Q

PRRS is an economically important swine herd disease that is being controlled and prevented by a vaccination

A

False

50
Q

Periparturent hypogalactia syndrome in gilts/sows has high morbidity and high mortality

A

False, low mortality

51
Q

Routes of sow immunization via vaccines may be given orally

A

True

52
Q

Name the 4 most prevalent types of leptospirosis in swine

A

L. Pomona
L. Grippotyphosa
L. Canicola
L. Icterohaemorrghagiae

53
Q

what does SMEDI syndrome stand for

A

Still birth, mummified, emborync death and infertility

54
Q

If SPF pigs have no disease, why are SPF owners so worried and paranoid

A

They have no immunity because of no diseases

55
Q

When is the idea time to give breeding gilts leptopar

A

2 doses around 3weeks apart, with 2nd dose being no less than 3 weeks before breeding

56
Q

what is the name of the disease in swine caused by an epicellular blood parasite that results in no estrus, infertility, abortion, agalactia and weak, anemic pigs?

A

Epertheozoonosis

57
Q

A boar just getting over swine flue and 106 degree fever have no live sperm on 3 consecutive ejaclations. When would you recommend re-evaluating his sperm next

A

2 months

58
Q

What causes the thumps or labored breathing in baby pigs

A

Acute anemia, caused by plasmid movement of diaphragm

59
Q

Discuss 4 possible treatments for periparturient hypogalactia syndrome

A

Oxytocin to let down milk already made
Tranquilizer (beer or wine) to calm down sow and produce milk
Antibotic therapy
Banamine removes endotoxins

60
Q

What type of cell does the arterivirus affect

A

Macrophages in lung

61
Q

A vet arrives on a farrow to finish hig operation, write down traffic flow

A

Farrowing-> nursery-> finishing->rebreeding-> gestation

62
Q

PED is a zoonotic, coronavirus infection of pigs causing. Severe diarrhea

A

False, not zoonotic

63
Q

Fomites are an important cause of spread of swine dysentery

A

True

64
Q

Trichinosis is caused by a

A

Worm

65
Q

Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pigs and i is also zoonotic, causing a flu-like symptom which results in permanent hearing loss

A

True

66
Q

There are federally licensed and approved coccisostats for swine, but no coccidial drugs available

A

False

67
Q

Toxoplasmosis is easily killed by cooking, freezing, or irradiation

A

True

68
Q

There are more than 2000 species of Salmonella that have been typed

A

True

69
Q

TGE has a specific affinity for SI cells. The virus multiplies and the cells explode resulting in severe villi atrophy which decrease absorption and digestion

A

True

70
Q

This disease favors winter conditions as the organism survives freezing well

A

TGE

71
Q

Newborn pigs had yellow to light green fluid feces. The vet started to look ath the fecal but said this isn’t needed the pigs have coccidiosis

A

False

72
Q

A pen of #150 pigs had a fever of 106F, anorexic, lethargic, coughing,, bleeding from the nostrils, and abdominal thumping. After dying, ,necropsy revealed lung adhesions. These pigs most likely did of what

A

Porcine pleuropneumonia

73
Q

ELISA stands for

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay

74
Q

these nursery pigs have black lines under their eyes and are sneezing. They are showing signs of what disease

A

Atrophic rhinitis

75
Q

This litter of pigs ha high fevers (106 F), were stiff, lame, goose stepping and walking on eggshells. Several swollen joints were tapped and sent into the diagnostic lab. the diagnosis was

A

erysipelas

76
Q

sentienel animal

A

Animal placed in herd that has never been vaccinated for disease you are monitoring for. They are regularly blood tested for the disease to see if they have any antibodies present. If they do, the disease is still present on the farm and in the herd

77
Q

What is a synergistic drug and given an example

A

A chemical agent given with another drug and it enhances the effect of both dugs making sum of effects better than addition if each drug was used by itself
Tylan 200

78
Q

The 2 most common etiologies causes of Salmonella in pigs are

A

Choleraesuis
Typhimurium

79
Q

Name 2 diseases where pigs vomiting would be a clinical sign

A

TGE
Psuedorabies

80
Q

Give 3 treatments for newborn pigs with TGE

A

Give fluids
Planned infection
Increase temp to >90F

81
Q

The baby pigs had passed large amounts of yellow liquid feces resulting in dehydration and death. Necropsy revealed edema of eyelids, wall of stomach/ intestine and brain. The vet determined the pig died of

A

Colibacillosis

82
Q

Internal parasites

A

Compete directly for food and thus reduce growth rate and feed efficiency

83
Q

Roundworms

A

All dewormers effective , however most common parasite
Largest worm infecting pigs in US 12 inches in length and diameter of pencil
Female ascarid can produce 1 million eggs per day which pass out in feces. Thick, round eggs very resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Eggs require ~4 weeks to develop to infectious stage
Pigs infected by ingestion of infected eggs which hatch in SI releasing larvae which penetrate the intestinal wall. Then enter circulatory system and migrate to liver, then reenter circulatory and migrate to lungs. Then enter trachea, coughed up and swallowed, then once in SI they develop in adult worms, start to lay eggs in ~6-8 weeks
Heavy infection will cause severe scarring of liver, pneumonia and coughing

84
Q

Nodular worms

A

Common in adult pigs, 1/2 in long found in large intestine
Eggs passed in feces, hatch and develop into infective larvae in about 1 week and can survive 12 months in certain areas
Infected larvae ingested and penetrate mucosa of large intestine nodules. After 1 week, they reenter the lumen of L.I, develop into adults and begin laying eggs in~5 weeks
Not a huge problem in swine, severe infections cause weight loss and nodules can interfere with absorption

85
Q

Whipworm

A

Throughout entire US, ~2in long found in large intestine
Football shaped eggs passed in feces and infective in ~3 weeks. They are ingested, hatched, and penetrate intestinal wall were remain for 2 weeks. They reenter cecum and LI in 3rd week and develop into adults
Large infections cause inflammation and result in diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, and even death. Primarily effects young animals
Eggs can remain viable in environment for up to 6 years

86
Q

Threadworms

A

<1/4 long and embedded in surface of SI, mst commonly found in warmer climates
Eggs passes in feces, hatch, develop iOS infective larvae and cause infection by penetration of skin or oral mucosa. Enter circulation, end up in lungs, coughed up and swallowed and locate in either intestine or mammary glands. They become active in lactating sow and infect nursing pigs let’s via colostrum
Heavy infestations can cause serious inflammation and diarrhea epescially during first 14 days. Mortality can reach 75% and survivors stunted and poor feed utilizers

87
Q

Stomach worms

A

3/8 in long, red color due to ingested blood
Found primarily on swine in pasture
Eggs passed in feces develop to infected larvae in ~1 week. After ingestion, larvae enters mucosa, emerge ~2 weeks and develop into egg-laying adults 3 weeks post infection
Large infections cause anemia and stomach inflammation

88
Q

Lungworms

A

Midwest and southeast, require an earthworm intermediate host to compete their life cycle. 2 in long and adults lie in bronchi and bronchioles
Eggs coughed up, swallowed, passed in feces. Earthworm must ingest them for development to continue
Pig ingested infective earthworm, larvae is freed upon digestion and enters lymphatics where it migrates to the right part of heart and lungs. Adults occlude in airways
Lungworm infection predisposes animal to respiratory infections due to influenza, mycoplasma, bacteria
Incidence decreased with inside pig production

89
Q

Kidney worms

A

Southeastern and lower Midwest, 1-1 1/2 in long
Usually lie encysted in pairs along ureters leading from the kidney to bladder
Adult females lay eggs through openings into ureters and passed out through urine. Eggs develop on ground, hatch and become infective larvae in ~1 week. Infection is via penetration or ingestion. Larvae enter lymph nodes and then move to liver in about 10-32 days. They remain in liver and migrate and develop for several months
Major source of liver condemnation, eventually larvae leave liver and travel to kidney region and become sexually mature
9-16 moths after infection before egg production occurs

90
Q

Coccidia

A

Important disease in nursing pigs raised inside (5-15 days)
Protozoa= single called parasite
Yellowish diarrhea (watery fluid), pigs keep nursing but become dehydrated and debilitated
Sanitation is key to controlling

91
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Tiny parasitic worm
Zoonotic
Encysted in muscle tissue
Spread when consumption of undercooked pork occurs

92
Q

Parasite control program

A

Worm infections occur in 80-90% of swine herd
To effectively reduce, use effective women’s, have pigs to good plane of nutrition, and practice strict sanitation measures
Knowledge of life cycles helps in planning appropriate control methods
Periodic stool checks enable us to monitor herd worm load
Carcass and visceral checks of slaughter pigs can be very useful tool in identifying parasite problems

93
Q

Dewormers

A

No single dewormer is effective against everything
Chose one effective against worms present and give at proper time for maximum effect
Method of delivery and cost should be considered for best economic results
Ivermectin is only dewormer effective against ectoparasites, 10-14 prior to farrowing prevents mange in baby pigs and prevents transmission of threadworms via colostrum

94
Q

Deworm before going into farrowing

A

Cortisol levels will be high when in gestation and parasites move around more

95
Q

Hog lice

A

Haemotopinus suis

96
Q

Hog mange mite

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

97
Q

Life cycle of hog lice

A

Small (1/4) in, bloodsucking insects that cling to hair of neck, ears, and folds of skin
Species specific
Can survive off pigs for up to 3 days
Cycle takes ~30 days to complete, adult life span= 35 days
Females lay ~4 eggs daily for 25 days, these eggs (nits) are attached to hair shaft as nymphs. They undergo 3 stages before becoming adults, lice do not burrow
Mild infestations cause no clinical manifestations. Continuous sucking of blood and lymph causes skin irritation resulting in purities. Consequently, pigs are restless, anemic, and have decreased feed utilization and poor growth rates

98
Q

Life cycle of mange mites

A

Species specific
Mites burro into epidermis
Total life cycle takes 8-25 to complete
Adult female mates close to skin surface and begins new tunnels for their young
Female lays 1-5 eggs daily for ~14 day. These eggs hatch in tunnels in 3-20 days and mature into adults in 5 days. The female dies 30 days after reaching maturity
Most infestations begin on inner side of ear and spread over head, neck, and across body. Hyperkeratosis and intense purities quickly follow
Problem magnifies during winter bc pigs closer together
Transmits via pig to pig contact

99
Q

External parasite treatments

A

Use sprays, dips, or injectable
Use bio security then treat for both internal and external parasites
Sows should be treated prior to farrowing to prevent baby pig contamination. Treat boars 4-6 Times a year
Recheck 30 days post treatment, make sure animals are clean. Those that are not should be retreat, rechecked after another 30 days if still infected cull
Treat all swine on farm and repeat treatment 3 weeks later because wont kill eggs
Ivermectin injectable is great choice, repeat treatment in 2 weeks

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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