Quiz 4

Question 1

non infectious diseases in lambs newborn to 3 weeks

Answer 1

starvation
trauma
entropion

Question 2

starvation

Answer 2

major cause of lamb death
necropsy: stomach and intestines empty, no internal fat
treatment: TLC= warming and feeding (esophageal feeder)
Prevention: check udder and observe lambs (weigh at birth and weigh again if don’t look right)

Question 3

primary starvation

Answer 3

something directly in way of consumption, hard to get 1st initial plug out
-poor mother or first time mother with twins
-decrease milk production especially with twins
-mastitis, hard bag, sore mouth, udder injury etc

Question 4

secondary starvation

Answer 4

ex: lamb with broken leg and can’t get up
hypothermia: mouth cold, temperature < 100 degrees F
reason why they can’t nurse

Question 5

lamb is monogastric until

Answer 5

3 months

Question 6

trauma

Answer 6

broken ribs, back, ruptured spleen and liver, suffocation
forced extraction of large lamb
impatient ewe pawing
lambing pens too small
premature mixing of lambs/ ewes, usually trauma from other ewe
aggressive ewes, nervous ewes (if hormones aren’t right, can attack lamb)
shearing

Question 7

breech

Answer 7

when butt/ spinal cord comes first

Question 8

forced extraction

Answer 8

when lamb isn’t in right position and you pull
check entire leg before pulling

Question 9

entropion

Answer 9

eyelid rolls onto itself, cornea swells and gets irritated (white)
-if not corrected, can damage cornea
heritable trait
lower eyelid inverted
eyelashes rubbing/ brushing against eye
results in tearing, ulceration, scarring and blindness
treatment: inject mineral oil, cut eyelid (pinch and pull out), when heal it shrinks

Question 10

epiphora

Answer 10

excessive tearing, not normal

Question 11

bletharospasms

Answer 11

related to ulceration, flaking

Question 12

corneal adema

Answer 12

blue scar on eye

Question 13

infectious diseases of lambs newborn to 3 weeks

Answer 13

toxoplasmosis
brucella ovis
border disease (hairy shakers)
navel ill
pasturella hemolytica
erysipelas (joint ill)
colostrum
e. coli scours
enterotoxemia type C
tetanus
soremouth

Question 14

toxoplasmosis

Answer 14

zoonotic, esp. pregnant females, single cell protozoa
coccidia-like organism in intestinal tract of cats: contaminate feed (only reproduce in cats)
organism has affinity for placenta and fetus
causes inflammation, diarrhea, steals nutrients
one of top reasons for sheep/goat abortions

Question 15

stillborn

Answer 15

born dead

Question 16

Brucella ovis

Answer 16

zoonotic, caused by bacteria
stillborn or weak lambs, common out west
venereal disease
in rams, has affinity for epidimus
in ewes, cause infertility, abortions
*no vacc except in cattle (live)

Question 17

border disease (hairy shakers)

Answer 17

hairy coat and nervous condition caused by virus related to BVD organism in cattle
abortion, stillbirth, weak, shakers, immunosuppressed
diagnose by serologic blood test
-if + then slaughter, keep testing every 6 months
-after 2 neg tests= certified free
no treatment

Question 18

navel ill

Answer 18

dip navel cord in .5-1% iodine, umbilical cord= hollow tube that leads directly into the abdomen and liver (turns into round ligament of the liver)
-to prevent dip 3-4 times
caused by birthing in unsanitary conditions
E.coli = Gram neg bacteria that can cause septicemia, peritonitis, arthritis, and meningitis

Question 19

Pasteurella hemolytica

Answer 19

common isolate of ewe’s nasal cavity (bacteria)
pneumonia in young lamb
naturally occurs in sinus, immune system prevents from getting
-lamb gets too curious and licks ewe nose, have no immunity

Question 20

erysipelas (joint ill)

Answer 20

bacteria
not seen until ~3 weeks old, joints hot, swollen, painful and full of pus
lambs starve to death due to painful lameness
treatment: dip naval cord with .5-1% iodine at birth
-flush joint in valuable lamb
dry and clean bedding to decrease many diseases, should never be in wet conditions

Question 21

colostrum

Answer 21

decrease intake causes immunosuppression
lamb absorbs colostral antibodies through blood stream
absorbs most efficiently in the first 12 hrs of birth
a lamb should consume ~5% of its body weight within 12 hours of birth
1st milk- need to be given ASAP
dont vacc until maternal Ab goes down, booster by injections

Question 22

E.coli scours

Answer 22

gram neg bacteria
watery, yellow diarrhea 1-3 days leading into dehydration
treatment: keep warm and rehydrate, give appropriate antibiotic
shearing, crutching, tagging all lead into decrease contamination

Question 23

enterotoxemia C

Answer 23

clostridial organisms are gram +, spore-forming, toxin-producing, anaerobic, soil-inhabiting bacteria
lambs found suddenly dead or depressed, abdominal pain (could lead to lateral recumbency), kicking at belly, convulsions, diarrhea +/-
treatment: antitoxin
prevention: vaccinate preg ewes with toxoid

Question 24

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 24

survives best without O2

Question 25

tetanus (lockjaw)

Answer 25

clostridium tetani bacteria
toxin produced is one of most poisonous known. absorbed by peripheral nerves and migrate toward the CNS
spasms of muscles, facial= unable to open the mouth
usually related to docking/ castrating (band) procedures
stiff gait, “saw-horse” stance, tail and ears stand out, sudden noises cause spasms, increased RR
death because of respiratory paralysis
treatment: clean/open wound, quiet and dark area, penicillin, tranquilize, antitoxin, force feed

Question 26

soremouth

Answer 26

zoonotic virus
sores and scabs around mouth, vulva, and teats
stable outside for years
treatment: topical iodine or anti-viral cream

Question 27

diseases of lambs 3 weeks- feeders

Answer 27

enterotoxemia D
polyarthritis
white muscle disease
respiratory diseases of lambs

Question 28

enterotoxemia type D (overeating disease)

Answer 28

affects lambs (usually feeder) on high energy concentrate diet, change in diet
-not used to it, can’t digest well
Clostridium perfringens type D bacteria
disrupts intestinal flora
depression, abdominal pain, teeth grinding, twitching or convulsions
soft, purple kidney upon necrospy
glucosuria leads to pathognomonic
antibiotics and antiserum
prevent via vaccination

Question 29

glucosuria

Answer 29

glucose in the urine

Question 30

pathognomonic

Answer 30

clinical sign that gives you the diagnosis

Question 31

polyarthritis

Answer 31

stiff lamb disease, favor limb or two, sides could change
chlamydia bacteria, cannot live outside cell
weight loss, poor grain, pneumonia, abortion, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, arthritis, and encephalitis
lambs depressed and reluctant to rise
T=105-106 F
treatment: tetracyclines, aspirin given for temp
-give tetracyclines everyday for more therapeutic treatment

Question 32

white muscle disease

Answer 32

selenium / Vitamin E deficiency or both
degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle
heart affected, sudden death occurs
skeletal muscle affected, hind limb stiffness/paresis occurs and lambs go down but still b/a and eat well
can occur in ewes eating old hay
diagnosis: blood serum levels<normal
treatment: BOSE (don’t overdose, 1cc/ 40 lb), feed additive-legal limit .3ppm
-higher dose when baby but one time thing

Question 33

respiratory disease of lambs

Answer 33

1 cause economic loss in sheep (any age)

bacteria (Pasteurella multocida and hemolytica), chlamydia, mycoplasma, parasites, viruses or any combination
poor ventilation, increased ammonia levels, nutritional def, crowding, temperature changes and other stresses decrease resistances
treatment: reduce stress, appropriate antibiotic therapy, encourage water and food intake, individual treatment via injections, TLC

Question 34

mycoplasma

Answer 34

opportunistic organism