Quiz 4 Flashcards
non infectious diseases in lambs newborn to 3 weeks
starvation
trauma
entropion
starvation
major cause of lamb death
necropsy: stomach and intestines empty, no internal fat
treatment: TLC= warming and feeding (esophageal feeder)
Prevention: check udder and observe lambs (weigh at birth and weigh again if don’t look right)
primary starvation
something directly in way of consumption, hard to get 1st initial plug out
-poor mother or first time mother with twins
-decrease milk production especially with twins
-mastitis, hard bag, sore mouth, udder injury etc
secondary starvation
ex: lamb with broken leg and can’t get up
hypothermia: mouth cold, temperature < 100 degrees F
reason why they can’t nurse
lamb is monogastric until
3 months
trauma
broken ribs, back, ruptured spleen and liver, suffocation
forced extraction of large lamb
impatient ewe pawing
lambing pens too small
premature mixing of lambs/ ewes, usually trauma from other ewe
aggressive ewes, nervous ewes (if hormones aren’t right, can attack lamb)
shearing
breech
when butt/ spinal cord comes first
forced extraction
when lamb isn’t in right position and you pull
check entire leg before pulling
entropion
eyelid rolls onto itself, cornea swells and gets irritated (white)
-if not corrected, can damage cornea
heritable trait
lower eyelid inverted
eyelashes rubbing/ brushing against eye
results in tearing, ulceration, scarring and blindness
treatment: inject mineral oil, cut eyelid (pinch and pull out), when heal it shrinks
epiphora
excessive tearing, not normal
bletharospasms
related to ulceration, flaking
corneal adema
blue scar on eye
infectious diseases of lambs newborn to 3 weeks
toxoplasmosis
brucella ovis
border disease (hairy shakers)
navel ill
pasturella hemolytica
erysipelas (joint ill)
colostrum
e. coli scours
enterotoxemia type C
tetanus
soremouth
toxoplasmosis
zoonotic, esp. pregnant females, single cell protozoa
coccidia-like organism in intestinal tract of cats: contaminate feed (only reproduce in cats)
organism has affinity for placenta and fetus
causes inflammation, diarrhea, steals nutrients
one of top reasons for sheep/goat abortions
stillborn
born dead
Brucella ovis
zoonotic, caused by bacteria
stillborn or weak lambs, common out west
venereal disease
in rams, has affinity for epidimus
in ewes, cause infertility, abortions
*no vacc except in cattle (live)
border disease (hairy shakers)
hairy coat and nervous condition caused by virus related to BVD organism in cattle
abortion, stillbirth, weak, shakers, immunosuppressed
diagnose by serologic blood test
-if + then slaughter, keep testing every 6 months
-after 2 neg tests= certified free
no treatment
navel ill
dip navel cord in .5-1% iodine, umbilical cord= hollow tube that leads directly into the abdomen and liver (turns into round ligament of the liver)
-to prevent dip 3-4 times
caused by birthing in unsanitary conditions
E.coli = Gram neg bacteria that can cause septicemia, peritonitis, arthritis, and meningitis
Pasteurella hemolytica
common isolate of ewe’s nasal cavity (bacteria)
pneumonia in young lamb
naturally occurs in sinus, immune system prevents from getting
-lamb gets too curious and licks ewe nose, have no immunity
erysipelas (joint ill)
bacteria
not seen until ~3 weeks old, joints hot, swollen, painful and full of pus
lambs starve to death due to painful lameness
treatment: dip naval cord with .5-1% iodine at birth
-flush joint in valuable lamb
dry and clean bedding to decrease many diseases, should never be in wet conditions
colostrum
decrease intake causes immunosuppression
lamb absorbs colostral antibodies through blood stream
absorbs most efficiently in the first 12 hrs of birth
a lamb should consume ~5% of its body weight within 12 hours of birth
1st milk- need to be given ASAP
dont vacc until maternal Ab goes down, booster by injections
E.coli scours
gram neg bacteria
watery, yellow diarrhea 1-3 days leading into dehydration
treatment: keep warm and rehydrate, give appropriate antibiotic
shearing, crutching, tagging all lead into decrease contamination
enterotoxemia C
clostridial organisms are gram +, spore-forming, toxin-producing, anaerobic, soil-inhabiting bacteria
lambs found suddenly dead or depressed, abdominal pain (could lead to lateral recumbency), kicking at belly, convulsions, diarrhea +/-
treatment: antitoxin
prevention: vaccinate preg ewes with toxoid
anaerobic bacteria
survives best without O2
tetanus (lockjaw)
clostridium tetani bacteria
toxin produced is one of most poisonous known. absorbed by peripheral nerves and migrate toward the CNS
spasms of muscles, facial= unable to open the mouth
usually related to docking/ castrating (band) procedures
stiff gait, “saw-horse” stance, tail and ears stand out, sudden noises cause spasms, increased RR
death because of respiratory paralysis
treatment: clean/open wound, quiet and dark area, penicillin, tranquilize, antitoxin, force feed
soremouth
zoonotic virus
sores and scabs around mouth, vulva, and teats
stable outside for years
treatment: topical iodine or anti-viral cream
diseases of lambs 3 weeks- feeders
enterotoxemia D
polyarthritis
white muscle disease
respiratory diseases of lambs
enterotoxemia type D (overeating disease)
affects lambs (usually feeder) on high energy concentrate diet, change in diet
-not used to it, can’t digest well
Clostridium perfringens type D bacteria
disrupts intestinal flora
depression, abdominal pain, teeth grinding, twitching or convulsions
soft, purple kidney upon necrospy
glucosuria leads to pathognomonic
antibiotics and antiserum
prevent via vaccination
glucosuria
glucose in the urine
pathognomonic
clinical sign that gives you the diagnosis
polyarthritis
stiff lamb disease, favor limb or two, sides could change
chlamydia bacteria, cannot live outside cell
weight loss, poor grain, pneumonia, abortion, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, arthritis, and encephalitis
lambs depressed and reluctant to rise
T=105-106 F
treatment: tetracyclines, aspirin given for temp
-give tetracyclines everyday for more therapeutic treatment
white muscle disease
selenium / Vitamin E deficiency or both
degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle
heart affected, sudden death occurs
skeletal muscle affected, hind limb stiffness/paresis occurs and lambs go down but still b/a and eat well
can occur in ewes eating old hay
diagnosis: blood serum levels<normal
treatment: BOSE (don’t overdose, 1cc/ 40 lb), feed additive-legal limit .3ppm
-higher dose when baby but one time thing
respiratory disease of lambs
1 cause economic loss in sheep (any age)
bacteria (Pasteurella multocida and hemolytica), chlamydia, mycoplasma, parasites, viruses or any combination
poor ventilation, increased ammonia levels, nutritional def, crowding, temperature changes and other stresses decrease resistances
treatment: reduce stress, appropriate antibiotic therapy, encourage water and food intake, individual treatment via injections, TLC
mycoplasma
opportunistic organism
