midterm

Question 1

which vaccine offers the best protection

Answer 1

live vaccine

Question 2

which vaccine may result in mutant reversion

Answer 2

modified live vaccine

Question 3

which vaccine may be administered to pregnant animals

Answer 3

killed vaccine

Question 4

you may kill an animal with this vaccine

Answer 4

live vaccine

Question 5

this vaccine is the safest and least reactive, however has lower effectiveness and short term protection

Answer 5

killed vaccine

Question 6

all infectious diseases are contagious, but not all contagious diseases are infectious

Answer 6

false

Question 7

the average bull: cow ratio is

Answer 7

1:25

Question 8

the first level of cellular defense is

Answer 8

T-Lymphocytes

Question 9

Cell-mediated immunity is seen in

Answer 9

T-Lymphocytes

Question 10

known for its non forgetting response

Answer 10

Anamnestic response

Question 11

which antigen is most resistant to environmental pressures

Answer 11

bacterial spores

Question 12

Name a food animal disease whose etiology is
Virus
Fungus
Bacteria
Protozoa

Answer 12

Rabies
Ringworm
Pinkeye
Toxoplasmosis

Question 13

what is natural immunity and give a couple examples

Answer 13

present once animal is born, not something it gets over time
it acts as a barrier Ex: skin, cilia

Question 14

Name 4 factors that inhibit immune system function

Answer 14

stress
nutrition
diseases
temperature

Question 15

name the 4 basic disorders of the immune system

Answer 15

immunodeficiency
hypersensitivity
autoimmune disorder
neoplasia of the immune system

Question 16

latent carrier

Answer 16

carriers that intermittently shed in a cyclic manner

Question 17

virulence

Answer 17

degree of pathogenicity
how much disease there is

Question 18

name 5 production goals in a beef cow/calf operation

Answer 18

12 month calving interval
60 days between first and last calving
calf weaning weight= 40% cow normal weight
preweaning loss <2%
low calf loss, 95% weaning crop

Question 19

discuss the hooks and pins as it relates to choosing replacement heifers for your beef herd

Answer 19

you would want to choose a heifer that has good width between pin bones and high hooks in order to decrease risk of dystocia

Question 20

what are maternal antibodies and what is their significance on a young calf’s immune system

Answer 20

given to calf through colostrum, they suppress the calves immune system as they start to develop

Question 21

antisepsis

Answer 21

elimination of most microbes on the skin

Question 22

disinfection

Answer 22

destruction of most microbes via chemical means on an inanimate object

Question 23

you should never mix new beef feeder calves with those already on the farm

Answer 23

true

Question 24

the dairy farmer’s #1 expense is

Answer 24

feed

Question 25

use a high protein (14-16%) source in your feeder calf ration during the 1st 2 weeks to provide extra energy to better deal with stress

Answer 25

true

Question 26

subclinical mastitis can reduce a cow's milk production by up to

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

add ionophores at high levels in the feeder calf feed during the 1st 2 weeks to help them get through the stress period

Answer 27

false

Question 28

why would you vaccine for vibriosis

Answer 28

to prevent abortions

Question 29

when is the best time to breed a dairy cow

Answer 29

12-18 hours after the onset of heat

Question 30

which is not a clinical sign of hypomagnesemia extreme altertness twitching neurological hyperexcitability increased TPR all are clinical signs

Answer 30

neurological hyperexcitability

Question 31

which is not true about hypomagnesemia prognosis depends on stage and severity protein supplement grass tetany blocks are available southern disease primarily a dairy cow disease cows are aggressive and will try to kill you

Answer 31

primarily a dairy cow disease

Question 32

what is the best bedding for an ideal calving area

Answer 32

clean, dry straw

Question 33

name 2 most effective ways of preventing mastitis in a dairy herd

Answer 33

dry cow therapy post milking iodine dip

Question 34

why are nutritional problems sometimes hard to prove in dairy

Answer 34

takes time for a problem to show up and bad feed is usually gone by the time it is noticed

Question 35

a CMT kit is a helpful took for the dairy producer A) on a cellular level what does it tell you? B) on a clinical level what does it tell you?

Answer 35

A) # WBC present, indicates bacteria is present B) which cow has subclinical mastitis

Question 36

If I were going to a dairy farm to calfhood vaccinate, what would I be doing?

Answer 36

vaccinating correct age heifers for brucellosis, would also tag and tattoo

Question 37

leptosporosis

Answer 37

zoonotic bacterial disease spread through urine that can lead to abortions and infertility in cows vaccine available

Question 38

you are a new dairy producer. Name your generic management team

Answer 38

manager heat detection/ AI specialist vet record keeper

Question 39

hypomagnesemia

Answer 39

metabolic disorder in lactating cows feeding on lush pasture low levels of Mg in the blood

Question 40

why does hypomagnesemia occur in beef cow

Answer 40

occurs when there is a nutritional Mg deficiency or when increases demand in Mg like providing milk for a calf

Question 41

name 4 differential diagnoses for pasture tetani

Answer 41

milk fever rabies lightning strike lead poisoning

Question 42

your new feeder calves arrived this morning at 8am. Discuss your plan for them in the next couple days

Answer 42

give mixed long grass, high protein diet, palatable water and let rest 24 hours give 50% grain diet with hay for 10 days dehorn, deworm, vaccinate, ear tag, weigh once settled make sure in well ventilated clean dry area

Question 43

an LDA cow has better prognosis than RDA cow

Answer 43

true

Question 44

downer cows after receiving normal physical exam, can be slaughtered and the meat can be sold for human consumption

Answer 44

false

Question 45

the compass and metal detector are eccentric but viable methods to diagnose hardware disease in dairy cattle

Answer 45

false?

Question 46

on a body condition chart 1-5 what number would the producer strive for his dairy cow

Answer 46

3.5

Question 47

which is not a clinical sign of ketosis? increased salivation exaggerated licking trembling neurological signs all are clinical signs

Answer 47

neurological signs

Question 48

a cow with milk fever may have a temperature od

Answer 48

100 F

Question 49

I have dialated pupils, blank stare, absence of defecation, neck kinked, head turned to one side. What's up doc?

Answer 49

milk fever

Question 50

I have anorexia, T=104 F, rumen stasis and precipitous drop in my milk production. What's up doc?

Answer 50

hardware disease

Question 51

I have no appetite for grain, t=102.5 F, dropped in milk production, and I am constipated. What's up doc?

Answer 51

ketosis

Question 52

how do you make a dairy cow urinate

Answer 52

rub her escutcheon

Question 53

name 4 treatments of downer cow syndrome

Answer 53

TLC IV therapy MuSe injection hip lifts

Question 54

rumenotomy

Answer 54

surgery used to treat cow with hardware disease

Question 55

paresis

Answer 55

mild form of paralysis, can move a limb but cannot control it

Question 56

freshen

Answer 56

to calve

Question 57

name the 4 stomachs of the cow and star the true stomach

Answer 57

rumen reticulum omasum abomasum **

Question 58

name 4 causes for a cow with secondary ketosis

Answer 58

metritis mastitis injury change in diet

Question 59

discuss the treatment for acetonemia

Answer 59

IV glucose propylene glycol orally insulin injection glucocorticoids

Question 60

the hormone mobilizes calcium from bones in the cow

Answer 60

PTH

Question 61

the downer cow is a symptom, not a diagnosis

Answer 61

true

Question 62

make some suggestions for a dry cow to prevent her from getting milk fever

Answer 62

decrease Ca in dry cow ration avoid thin/fat cows minimize stress at parturition start on lactation ration 2 weeks prior to calving

Question 63

tell exactly how you determine that a dairy cow has LDA via physical exam

Answer 63

pinging and listening with a stethoscope at paralumbar fossa on the left side of abdomen temperature normal, decreased milk production, constipated, eats no hay/grain