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Large Animal Med > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

which vaccine offers the best protection

A

live vaccine

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2
Q

which vaccine may result in mutant reversion

A

modified live vaccine

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3
Q

which vaccine may be administered to pregnant animals

A

killed vaccine

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4
Q

you may kill an animal with this vaccine

A

live vaccine

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5
Q

this vaccine is the safest and least reactive, however has lower effectiveness and short term protection

A

killed vaccine

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6
Q

all infectious diseases are contagious, but not all contagious diseases are infectious

A

false

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7
Q

the average bull: cow ratio is

A

1:25

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8
Q

the first level of cellular defense is

A

T-Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is seen in

A

T-Lymphocytes

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10
Q

known for its non forgetting response

A

Anamnestic response

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11
Q

which antigen is most resistant to environmental pressures

A

bacterial spores

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12
Q

Name a food animal disease whose etiology is
Virus
Fungus
Bacteria
Protozoa

A

Rabies
Ringworm
Pinkeye
Toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

what is natural immunity and give a couple examples

A

present once animal is born, not something it gets over time
it acts as a barrier Ex: skin, cilia

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14
Q

Name 4 factors that inhibit immune system function

A

stress
nutrition
diseases
temperature

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15
Q

name the 4 basic disorders of the immune system

A

immunodeficiency
hypersensitivity
autoimmune disorder
neoplasia of the immune system

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16
Q

latent carrier

A

carriers that intermittently shed in a cyclic manner

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17
Q

virulence

A

degree of pathogenicity
how much disease there is

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18
Q

name 5 production goals in a beef cow/calf operation

A

12 month calving interval
60 days between first and last calving
calf weaning weight= 40% cow normal weight
preweaning loss <2%
low calf loss, 95% weaning crop

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19
Q

discuss the hooks and pins as it relates to choosing replacement heifers for your beef herd

A

you would want to choose a heifer that has good width between pin bones and high hooks in order to decrease risk of dystocia

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20
Q

what are maternal antibodies and what is their significance on a young calf’s immune system

A

given to calf through colostrum, they suppress the calves immune system as they start to develop

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21
Q

antisepsis

A

elimination of most microbes on the skin

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22
Q

disinfection

A

destruction of most microbes via chemical means on an inanimate object

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23
Q

you should never mix new beef feeder calves with those already on the farm

A

true

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24
Q

the dairy farmer’s #1 expense is

A

feed

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25
Q

use a high protein (14-16%) source in your feeder calf ration during the 1st 2 weeks to provide extra energy to better deal with stress

A

true

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26
Q

subclinical mastitis can reduce a cow’s milk production by up to

A

60%

27
Q

add ionophores at high levels in the feeder calf feed during the 1st 2 weeks to help them get through the stress period

A

false

28
Q

why would you vaccine for vibriosis

A

to prevent abortions

29
Q

when is the best time to breed a dairy cow

A

12-18 hours after the onset of heat

30
Q

which is not a clinical sign of hypomagnesemia
extreme altertness
twitching
neurological hyperexcitability
increased TPR
all are clinical signs

A

neurological hyperexcitability

31
Q

which is not true about hypomagnesemia
prognosis depends on stage and severity
protein supplement grass tetany blocks are available
southern disease
primarily a dairy cow disease
cows are aggressive and will try to kill you

A

primarily a dairy cow disease

32
Q

what is the best bedding for an ideal calving area

A

clean, dry straw

33
Q

name 2 most effective ways of preventing mastitis in a dairy herd

A

dry cow therapy
post milking iodine dip

34
Q

why are nutritional problems sometimes hard to prove in dairy

A

takes time for a problem to show up and bad feed is usually gone by the time it is noticed

35
Q

a CMT kit is a helpful took for the dairy producer
A) on a cellular level what does it tell you?
B) on a clinical level what does it tell you?

A

A) # WBC present, indicates bacteria is present
B) which cow has subclinical mastitis

36
Q

If I were going to a dairy farm to calfhood vaccinate, what would I be doing?

A

vaccinating correct age heifers for brucellosis, would also tag and tattoo

37
Q

leptosporosis

A

zoonotic bacterial disease spread through urine that can lead to abortions and infertility in cows
vaccine available

38
Q

you are a new dairy producer. Name your generic management team

A

manager
heat detection/ AI specialist
vet
record keeper

39
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

metabolic disorder in lactating cows feeding on lush pasture
low levels of Mg in the blood

40
Q

why does hypomagnesemia occur in beef cow

A

occurs when there is a nutritional Mg deficiency or when increases demand in Mg like providing milk for a calf

41
Q

name 4 differential diagnoses for pasture tetani

A

milk fever
rabies
lightning strike
lead poisoning

42
Q

your new feeder calves arrived this morning at 8am. Discuss your plan for them in the next couple days

A

give mixed long grass, high protein diet, palatable water and let rest 24 hours
give 50% grain diet with hay for 10 days
dehorn, deworm, vaccinate, ear tag, weigh once settled
make sure in well ventilated clean dry area

43
Q

an LDA cow has better prognosis than RDA cow

A

true

44
Q

downer cows after receiving normal physical exam, can be slaughtered and the meat can be sold for human consumption

A

false

45
Q

the compass and metal detector are eccentric but viable methods to diagnose hardware disease in dairy cattle

A

false?

46
Q

on a body condition chart 1-5 what number would the producer strive for his dairy cow

A

3.5

47
Q

which is not a clinical sign of ketosis?
increased salivation
exaggerated licking
trembling
neurological signs
all are clinical signs

A

neurological signs

48
Q

a cow with milk fever may have a temperature od

A

100 F

49
Q

I have dialated pupils, blank stare, absence of defecation, neck kinked, head turned to one side. What’s up doc?

A

milk fever

50
Q

I have anorexia, T=104 F, rumen stasis and precipitous drop in my milk production. What’s up doc?

A

hardware disease

51
Q

I have no appetite for grain, t=102.5 F, dropped in milk production, and I am constipated. What’s up doc?

A

ketosis

52
Q

how do you make a dairy cow urinate

A

rub her escutcheon

53
Q

name 4 treatments of downer cow syndrome

A

TLC
IV therapy
MuSe injection
hip lifts

54
Q

rumenotomy

A

surgery used to treat cow with hardware disease

55
Q

paresis

A

mild form of paralysis, can move a limb but cannot control it

56
Q

freshen

A

to calve

57
Q

name the 4 stomachs of the cow and star the true stomach

A

rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum **

58
Q

name 4 causes for a cow with secondary ketosis

A

metritis
mastitis
injury
change in diet

59
Q

discuss the treatment for acetonemia

A

IV glucose
propylene glycol orally
insulin injection
glucocorticoids

60
Q

the hormone mobilizes calcium from bones in the cow

A

PTH

61
Q

the downer cow is a symptom, not a diagnosis

A

true

62
Q

make some suggestions for a dry cow to prevent her from getting milk fever

A

decrease Ca in dry cow ration
avoid thin/fat cows
minimize stress at parturition
start on lactation ration 2 weeks prior to calving

63
Q

tell exactly how you determine that a dairy cow has LDA via physical exam

A

pinging and listening with a stethoscope at paralumbar fossa on the left side of abdomen
temperature normal, decreased milk production, constipated, eats no hay/grain

Large Animal Med (9 decks)

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