Quiz 6 Flashcards
sanitation
major tool to curb disease, especially in baby pigs
-thorough cleaning of farrowing facilities
-washing sows prior to placing in crates
-daily removal of manure
-all in, all out
proper temperature
maximizes animal resistance
pig 85 F
sow 65 F
put temp at high level of what sow will tolerate, add more for piglets (heating pads)
piling pigs
too cold
spread out
too hot
just touching
ideal temp
noisy
hungry
pigs of different age groups should be housed separately
true, also put same size together
this is due to pecking order and cerebral recognition
controlling swine disease
moving and mixing of animals should be minimized
exposure of replacement gilts to breeding herd prior to conception enables immunity
herd health program
records!
vet should make routine visits and active in management team
operator must control flow of traffic (never backtrack from immune barns to lower immunity barns)
passive immunity
stimulates Ab production in dam which is passed to piglets via colostrum
important to provide immediate protection to piglets to avoid devastating diseases
active immunity
repel active adult diseases especially reproductive diseases
injection
IM or SQ, easier to give IM due to not much loose skin
killed or MLV
Kohler method
incubate E. Coli in milk, feed milk to preg females prior to farrowing
TGE
feed intestinal tracts from piglets that died from this disease to sows in gestation
new generation vaccines
trigger immune response without causing disease
consist of injecting only the immunogenic subunit of organism of live recombinant DNA vaccine which expresses the subunit when it replicates
slaughter checks
effective way to monitor herd health
slaughter check purpose
look for abnormal tissue
slaughter check goal
minimize, eliminate, or control disease problems by revealing disease prevalence, severity of lesions and possible causes of disease not always apparent
pneumonia
common in slaughter swine
mycoplasma, pasturella, bordetella, salmonella, lungworms, and influenza
atrophic rhinitis
bordetella bronchosepticum bacteria
caused by inadequate ventilation
cut snout at level of 2nd cheek tooth and measure the turbinate athrophy and septal deviation
-black rings arounf eyes
-disease attacks sinus, snout can deviate
vaccs and treatments help but can’t eliminate
parasite control
ascarid (large roundworm) is most common parasite of swine & biggest
negative fecal means nothing, migration to live occurs frequently
- fecal means no femals producing eggs
% you dont kill with dewormer are most resistant, destroy liver, lungs wherever conveintent
reproductive examination
look at repro tracts for ovarian function and infectious repro diseases in the cull herd
misc problems
streptococcus abscesses (very contagious and common)
TB
mange (live in epidermis, must draw blood to culture)
erysipelas (bacterial, cause high fever in piglets)
infectious swine reproductive diseases
not only cause abortions, but also decrease productive efficiency
SMEDI syndrome
stillbirths, mummified, embrionic death and infertility
frequent good vacc, only in gilts
viral diseases that cause SMEDI
parvovirus
enterovirus
adenvirus
reovirus
parvovirus
greatest concern in swine reproductive failure
infection during first month of gestation results in fetal death and resorption
infection during 2nd month results in mummified fetuses and small litter
infection during last trimester has no effect
abortion seldem seen
diagnose by direct flurorescent ab on mummified piglets
prevention is by exposure of gilts to natural infection prior to breeding
vacc effective
bacterial disease that cause SMEDI
leptospirosis
brucellosis
eperythrozoonosis
leptospirosis
abortion, stillbirths, creased baby pig survival, ***infertile
L. pomona is main strain that causes
incubation period= 1-2 weeks
clinical signs= moderate fever, anorexia, jaundice
organism is shed in urine 10 days post infection
-1st trimester= no effects
-2nd trimester= fetal death and resorption
-3rd trimester= abortion
source of infection= urine, contaminated water
dx: Ab titer
prevention= vacc prior to breeding
brucellosis
etiology: brucella suis
abortion and fertility/ sterility
dx: standard card test (agglutination)
prevention: eradication
veneral disease that effects epididimus of boar
eperythrozoonosis
small parasite on RBC
no estrus, infertility, abortion, weak ,anemic pigs, produce no milk
dx: newly developed serum test (get blood from jugular)
tx: arsanilic acid, pulled off market
prevention: test breeding herd semi-annually
consider infectious reproductive diseases when
see repeat breeders, mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, abortions, small litters or weak pigs
send fetal tissue to lab and maternal blood for diagnosis
diseases of boars
seldom run together b/c don’t get along
boar fertility decreases when pyrexia occurs
can get: pseudorabies, brucellosis, erysipelas and influenza, vacc every 6 mo
decreased fertility-takes 2 months to return to normal
increased ambient temp decreases fertility
keep multiple and seperate, so if one if sick can use other
periparturient hypogalactia syndrome
results in baby pig death due to immunosuppression and poor performance
restless baby pigs indicate problem, so palpate mammory chain prior to farrowing for mastitis, excessively hard, edematous glands
if disease starts in gut, constipation occurs due to decreased water consumption
prognosis for life good
prognosis for lactation bad, cull sow if udders bad
decrease pig mortality by cross fostering
hypogalactia
decrease in milk production, usually temporary
dysgalactia
impairment of inital lactation
primiparous
first litter
multiparous
multiple litters
PHS treatment
establish milk flow
-oxytocin given once every 45 min to contract smooth muscle to made milk that is already made available
choose proper antibotic therapy
traquilizers may be needed to quiet sows and stimulate milk production (wine or beer)
consider banamine to eliminate endotoxins and pain
PHS prevention
decrease stressors such as management, nurtition, and ventiliation
PRRS
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
affinity for macrophages in lung (part of body defenses)
virus multiplies inside them producing more virus and kills macrophages (40%)
allows bacteria and other viruses to proliferate and do damage
baby pig anemia
etiology= iron deficiency
results from denying pigs access to Fe in soil
Fe is critical in forming hemoglobin
hemoglobin
protein that makes up 1/3 of weight of RBC
carries O2 from lungs to body tissue
abnormal results show hemoglobin <9 g/ 100 mL
Fe deficiency results from
low body storage of Fe in newborn
low Fe content of sow’s colostrum and milk
lack of contact with Fe in soil
rapid growth rate of nursing pig
acute anemia signs
labored breathing, “thumps”= spasmodic movement of diaphragm muscles following exercise. Fast growing pigs may die suddenly due to decrease oxygen, lowers resistance
chronic anemia signs
poor growth, listlessness, rough hair coat, wrinkled skin and paleness to mucous membrane
baby pig anemia diagnosis
necropsy- increased heart and spleen, very watery fluid in chest and abdomen, thin watery blood, pale mm
response to therapy
baby pig anemia prevention
oral- questionable
injectable 1 cc IM at 3 and 10 days
colibacillosis
E. coli scours
etiology: E.coli bacteria
organism produces potent enterotoxin and large amounts of liquid feces )yellow) produced and results in rapid dehydration and acidosis
pigs are thirsty and continue to eat and drink until they are too weak or depressed
edema occurs in eyelids, SQ wall of stomach/ intestine of brain
owners find dead unexpectedly
neonatal enteric colibacillosis
occurs in pigs <7 days old
postweaning colibacillosis
triggered by stress associated wiht weaning
1. decrease in maternal ab
2. change in diet, free choice dry feed
3. social stress
4. chilling (not as warm as nursery)
5. onset of viral infection
colibacillosis prevention
sanitation- keep clean and dry
good nutrition
good ventilation- humidity low
decrease exposure from infected pig
temperature warm (bacteria like cool and damp area)
vaccinate
colibacillosis diagnosis
via lab to see what type
