Quiz 6 Study Guide

Question 1

Match the definition with the term: present at birth, not specific

Answer 1

innate immune system

Question 2

True or false: the acquired/adaptive immune system develops over time and is specific

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Define inflammation

Answer 3

Cytokines message blood cells to come to area and cells lining the capillary to grow smaller and open, allowing fluid out and immune cells in.

Question 4

Match the definition with the term: Monocytes, esonophils & neutrophils cells find, chase, engulf, and destroy pathogens

Answer 4

phagocytosis

Question 5

Match the definition with the term: A chemical marker on a pathogen or antibody starts a cascade of ~25 chemical reactions that result in the membrane attack complex (MAC)

Answer 5

complement

Question 6

Define NK cells

Answer 6

Special lymphocytes that search for pathogens and kill them using cell’s MHC and commanding apopotisis

Question 7

Define pathogen

Answer 7

Non-self/an invader

Question 8

Define antigen

Answer 8

marker on the surface of pathogen

Question 9

Define apoptosis

Answer 9

cellular self-destruction

Question 10

Match the definition with the term

Answer 10

major histocompatibility complex

Question 11

Define antibody

Answer 11

a blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen used to identify and kill the pathogen

Question 12

What indicates the cells or process that involves interaction between both branches of the immune system?

Answer 12

Major histocompatabillity complex

Question 13

The two acquired/adaptive immune responses used to fight pathogens are __________ ________ and ___ ___________

Answer 13

humoral response, cell mediated

Question 14

B lympochyte cells are made in the _______ ________, live mostly in the _____________ nodes and ________ tract, and are an important part of the adaptive immune system. Each B cell has an _______ specific for a different kind of antigen

Answer 14

bone marrow, lymph, digestive, antibody

Question 15

true or false: Understanding how the acquired immune response is key to understanding how vaccines work

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Describe the five steps of the humoral system (use terms B cell, antibody, antigen MCH, helper T, clonal expansion, plasma cell, and MEN)

Answer 16

The B cell roams around the body for an antigen. Upon finding an antigen, the B cell consumes it—this allows the B cell to signal the antigen’s presence through MCH. Helper T cells bind to the B cell and spring it into action. The activated B cell goes through clonal expansion to produce a large number of plasma cells. These plasma cells are specific to a particular antigen; they go around and tag infected cells for the phagocytes (MEN) to clean up.

Question 17

Describe the four steps of the cell mediated system (use terms dendritic cell, antigen, MHC, naïve T cell, and activated T cells),

Answer 17

An antigen is seen by an antigen-detecting cell—a dendritic cell. The dendritic cell signals its contact with the antigen on its MHC platform. A naive T cell binds to the antigen on the MHC platform of the dendritic cell. The T cell becomes activated and has a wide variety of actions to combat the antigen—it can become a killer, helper, or memory T cell.

Question 18

What (a) population characteristic and (b) vaccine characteristics precipitated the US change from the Sabin to Salk vaccine for (c) __________ in the 1990s?

Answer 18

(a) herd immunity
(b) Sabin’s live virus could mutate to cause disease and Salk’s dead virus could not mutate.
(c) polio

Question 19

true or false: Edward Jenner is often credited for having invented the first vaccine (it was for smallpox). Jenner used an eight-year-old boy for experimentation to develop his vaccine.

Answer 19

true