Quiz 6 Study Guide Flashcards
Match the definition with the term: present at birth, not specific
innate immune system
True or false: the acquired/adaptive immune system develops over time and is specific
true
Define inflammation
Cytokines message blood cells to come to area and cells lining the capillary to grow smaller and open, allowing fluid out and immune cells in.
Match the definition with the term: Monocytes, esonophils & neutrophils cells find, chase, engulf, and destroy pathogens
phagocytosis
Match the definition with the term: A chemical marker on a pathogen or antibody starts a cascade of ~25 chemical reactions that result in the membrane attack complex (MAC)
complement
Define NK cells
Special lymphocytes that search for pathogens and kill them using cell’s MHC and commanding apopotisis
Define pathogen
Non-self/an invader
Define antigen
marker on the surface of pathogen
Define apoptosis
cellular self-destruction
Match the definition with the term
major histocompatibility complex
Define antibody
a blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen used to identify and kill the pathogen
What indicates the cells or process that involves interaction between both branches of the immune system?
Major histocompatabillity complex
The two acquired/adaptive immune responses used to fight pathogens are __________ ________ and ___ ___________
humoral response, cell mediated
B lympochyte cells are made in the _______ ________, live mostly in the _____________ nodes and ________ tract, and are an important part of the adaptive immune system. Each B cell has an _______ specific for a different kind of antigen
bone marrow, lymph, digestive, antibody
true or false: Understanding how the acquired immune response is key to understanding how vaccines work
true
Describe the five steps of the humoral system (use terms B cell, antibody, antigen MCH, helper T, clonal expansion, plasma cell, and MEN)
The B cell roams around the body for an antigen. Upon finding an antigen, the B cell consumes it—this allows the B cell to signal the antigen’s presence through MCH. Helper T cells bind to the B cell and spring it into action. The activated B cell goes through clonal expansion to produce a large number of plasma cells. These plasma cells are specific to a particular antigen; they go around and tag infected cells for the phagocytes (MEN) to clean up.
Describe the four steps of the cell mediated system (use terms dendritic cell, antigen, MHC, naïve T cell, and activated T cells),
An antigen is seen by an antigen-detecting cell—a dendritic cell. The dendritic cell signals its contact with the antigen on its MHC platform. A naive T cell binds to the antigen on the MHC platform of the dendritic cell. The T cell becomes activated and has a wide variety of actions to combat the antigen—it can become a killer, helper, or memory T cell.
What (a) population characteristic and (b) vaccine characteristics precipitated the US change from the Sabin to Salk vaccine for (c) __________ in the 1990s?
(a) herd immunity
(b) Sabin’s live virus could mutate to cause disease and Salk’s dead virus could not mutate.
(c) polio
true or false: Edward Jenner is often credited for having invented the first vaccine (it was for smallpox). Jenner used an eight-year-old boy for experimentation to develop his vaccine.
true
