Quiz 3 Study Guide Flashcards
True or false: More genetic materials come from fathers than mothers
false, mothers contribute mitochondrial DNA to their offspring
True or false: The Evolutionary Senescence Theory has the best supporting biological evidence
true
True or false: Nobody knows why specific hairs turn gray or white and others do not, and at the present time, there is no known process to help cells continue producing their original color
true
What is the name of the disease that has persisted in the human population and has never been selected against because it appears after offspring reproduction?
huntington’s disease
Match the term with the theory: Energy-producing cell organelle is constantly hit with assaults and eventually fails to function
mitochondrial theory of aging
Define telomere theory of aging
DNA sequences at the ends of our chromosomes shorten with each replication and eventually evoke death
Match the definition with the theory: Inflammation can damage tissues and cause cell death
inflammation theory of aging
Match the definition with the theory: the breakdown in the cellular and molecular defense mechanisms that are genetically controlled
immune theory of aging
Define Evolutionary theory of aging
aging is the result from a decline in the force of natural selection, generally due to the life span of an organism being optimized for their own particular environment with regard to offspring reproduction
Match the definition with the theory: unstable molecules that want an extra electron will take it, for example, from the lipids that are used to make up cell membranes
free radical theory of aging
What is the (disease) evidence for the telomere theory of aging?
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, cancer (immortal cells), Werner’s disease
What is the (disease) evidence for the inflammation theory of aging?
atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes
Issues older people have with temperature control, hypothermia, and heat stress are due to _____ ______ and _____ _____ _____
less fat, slower blood flow
The three main problems older people have with vision are ______, ______, and _____ _______
farsightedness, cataracts, dry eyes
Define a population pyramid
Centered count of number of people in a population by age and gender. It is used to compare developed and developing countries, and demands on public health infrastructure and medical care by different generations.
Define telomere
Telomeres are DNA structures located at the end of chromosomes. These telomeres become shorter each time our cells divide—eventually resulting in cell death as the organism ages.
Explain the difference between ADL and IADL and give the general constructs of each
ADLs are activities that require basic, physical movements; IADLS involve more complex thinking skills. Examples of ADLs include feeding, dressing, personal hygiene. ambulating, continence, and toileting; IADLs include transportation, managing finances, shopping, meal preparation, and communication with people.
True or false: The Framingham Longevity Study of Coronary Heart Disease showed that longevity is more strongly associated with age of maternal death than that of paternal death, suggesting that mitochondrial DNA inheritance might play an important role in determining longevity given that, although one set of chromosomes comes from each parent, mitochondrial DNA comes exclusively from the mother
true
evolution
change over time driven by heritable changes in DNA
natural selection
when, given an organism’s particular environment, a heritable trait increases or decreases the organism’s fitness, thereby influencing the frequency of the trait in the population
Fitness
The ability to reproduce successfully, as measured by the number of organism’s offspring that survives to reproductive age
