Quiz 3 Study Guide

Question 1

True or false: More genetic materials come from fathers than mothers

Answer 1

false, mothers contribute mitochondrial DNA to their offspring

Question 2

True or false: The Evolutionary Senescence Theory has the best supporting biological evidence

Answer 2

true

Question 3

True or false: Nobody knows why specific hairs turn gray or white and others do not, and at the present time, there is no known process to help cells continue producing their original color

Answer 3

true

Question 4

What is the name of the disease that has persisted in the human population and has never been selected against because it appears after offspring reproduction?

Answer 4

huntington’s disease

Question 5

Match the term with the theory: Energy-producing cell organelle is constantly hit with assaults and eventually fails to function

Answer 5

mitochondrial theory of aging

Question 6

Define telomere theory of aging

Answer 6

DNA sequences at the ends of our chromosomes shorten with each replication and eventually evoke death

Question 7

Match the definition with the theory: Inflammation can damage tissues and cause cell death

Answer 7

inflammation theory of aging

Question 8

Match the definition with the theory: the breakdown in the cellular and molecular defense mechanisms that are genetically controlled

Answer 8

immune theory of aging

Question 9

Define Evolutionary theory of aging

Answer 9

aging is the result from a decline in the force of natural selection, generally due to the life span of an organism being optimized for their own particular environment with regard to offspring reproduction

Question 10

Match the definition with the theory: unstable molecules that want an extra electron will take it, for example, from the lipids that are used to make up cell membranes

Answer 10

free radical theory of aging

Question 11

What is the (disease) evidence for the telomere theory of aging?

Answer 11

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, cancer (immortal cells), Werner’s disease

Question 12

What is the (disease) evidence for the inflammation theory of aging?

Answer 12

atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes

Question 13

Issues older people have with temperature control, hypothermia, and heat stress are due to _____ ______ and _____ _____ _____

Answer 13

less fat, slower blood flow

Question 14

The three main problems older people have with vision are ______, ______, and _____ _______

Answer 14

farsightedness, cataracts, dry eyes

Question 15

Define a population pyramid

Answer 15

Centered count of number of people in a population by age and gender. It is used to compare developed and developing countries, and demands on public health infrastructure and medical care by different generations.

Question 16

Define telomere

Answer 16

Telomeres are DNA structures located at the end of chromosomes. These telomeres become shorter each time our cells divide—eventually resulting in cell death as the organism ages.

Question 17

Explain the difference between ADL and IADL and give the general constructs of each

Answer 17

ADLs are activities that require basic, physical movements; IADLS involve more complex thinking skills. Examples of ADLs include feeding, dressing, personal hygiene. ambulating, continence, and toileting; IADLs include transportation, managing finances, shopping, meal preparation, and communication with people.

Question 18

True or false: The Framingham Longevity Study of Coronary Heart Disease showed that longevity is more strongly associated with age of maternal death than that of paternal death, suggesting that mitochondrial DNA inheritance might play an important role in determining longevity given that, although one set of chromosomes comes from each parent, mitochondrial DNA comes exclusively from the mother

Answer 18

true

Question 19

evolution

Answer 19

change over time driven by heritable changes in DNA

Question 20

natural selection

Answer 20

when, given an organism’s particular environment, a heritable trait increases or decreases the organism’s fitness, thereby influencing the frequency of the trait in the population

Question 21

Fitness

Answer 21

The ability to reproduce successfully, as measured by the number of organism’s offspring that survives to reproductive age