Quiz 2 Study Guide Flashcards
Who is considered the father of modern genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Which scientist was the first to use the word “gene”?
William Bateson
Who is considered the father of human biochemical genetics and pharmacogenetics (genetics and pharmaceutical interactions)?
Archibald Garrod
What method did Mendel use to demonstrate inheritance in pea plants?
by cross-pollinating plants himself, likely with a paintbrush
If widows peaks are a recessive trait (allele =w) and no widows peak is a dominant trait (allele=W), then an offspring who inherits the genotype Ww will have a phenotype of (select the correct answer):
No widows peak
If widows peaks are a recessive trait (allele =w) and no widows peak is a dominant trait (allele=W), then the possible genotype combinations for offspring to inherit are: WW, Ww, wW, and ww. How many phenotypes would one expect these four genotypes to code for?
two
Define allele
two copies of a gene for a trait
Match the definition with the correct term: DNA coding for traits
Genotype
Match the definition with the term: Observable physical characteristics produced by gene/environment
Phenotype
Dominant allele
One or two alleles with this genotype results in the trait being selected
Recessive allele
Two alleles with this genotype results in the trait being selected
What is the evolutionary advantage of heterozygotes for sickle cell anemia?
Increased immunity against malaria
A _____-_____ mutation for cystic fibrosis has been identified and sequenced, and is a candidate for gene therapy
single-gene
True or false: The onset of Huntington’s Disease is usually between 20 and 40 years of age
false, it is 40-50
Single-gene mutations occur in what percentage of newborns?
0.4%
The single-gene mutation involved in Duchene muscular dystrophy impairs the production of ______, a protein involved in muscle contraction
dystrophin
Define chromosomes
tightly wound strands of DNA that undergo meiosis and mitosis
Match the definition to the term: Smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
molecule
Match the definition to the term: chains of amino acids, what come together to form traits
proteins
Amino acids
building blocks of proteins caused by three codon pairs
Genome
the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
Write the terms that correspond to replication of genetic material
mitosis, meiosis
True or false: DNA is stored in the nucleus of cells, whereas RNA can be in the nucleus or in other parts of a cell.
true
Define transcription
the synthesis of RNA from DNA template
Match the definition to the term: The synthesis of amino acid sequences that make up proteins from RNA
translation
Define mitosis
The process by which most cells in the body divide/replicate
