quiz 6 lipids Flashcards
triglycerides
3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol
monoglycerides
one fatty acid bonded to glycerol
fatty acids
chains of carbon that only get along with lipids
cholesterol
has no calories and is a nonessential nutrient
fat soluble nutrients
ADEK
saturated fat
is straight!
2 hydrogens on each carbon
- full of hydrogen
- solid at room temp
unsaturated fat
not all carbons have 2 hydrogens on each carbon
- each carbon has a double bond when it isnt saturated
BENT AT DOUBLE BOND
PUFAS
MULTIPLE DOUBLE BONDS
essential fatty acids
PUFAS and unsaturated fats
omega 3 and 6 are what kind of fatty acid
PUFA
omega 3 can convert ALA into
EPA but isnt very good at it
man made trans fat is
not healthful and is hydrogenation = straightening unsaturated fatty acids
trans fat impact
increase risk of CVD, decrease HDL and increase LDL
amdr of fat
20-35%
amdr of sat fat
< 10% of total cals coming from sat fat
PUFAs are
omega 3, and omega 6 = 10:1
anatomy of digestion= mouth
salivary amylase, lingual lipase and chewing
anatomy of digestion = stomach
gastic lipase, HCL = kiils ligual lipase and replaces it w/ gastic lipase
anatomy of digestion = small intestine
pancreatic lipase, bile helping in fat digestion
anatomy of digestion: large intestine
microbiota and SCFA (made from soluble fiber and resistant starch
esterification
making bonds
de-esterification
breaking bonds
bile function
breaks meal fat into smaller globules
bile as an accessory organs
liver: makes bile from cholestrol
gallbladder stores bile
CCK
hormone that is released because of fat entering SI
what releases CCK
mucosa cells
CCK tells the gallbladder to
release bile
bile is absorbed at the end of small intestine and gets recycled
so liver has to use more cholestrol
chylomicron is bult in ____ and carry
the mucosa cell and carry triglycerides, cholestrol, and ADEK
tissues take out what
chylomicron carry
3 SCFA
butyrate, acetate, propionate
symbiosis
-balanced microbes
increase gut/metabolic/ cardiovascular health
- produces B and K vitamins
and thick mucous layer - metabolizes undigestable CHO
dysbiosis
unbalanced microbes
cholesterol makes
vitamin D, bile, sex hormones, membranes (maintain and repair)
-converts fatty acids to phospholipids
omega 3 are Eicosandoids and they
anti-inflammatory
vasodilation
anti-clotting
omega 6 are Eicosandoids and they are
pro-inflammatory
vasoconstriction
clotting
fats are used in the mitochondria through
beta ox, krebs, etc
fat is stored as a
triglycerides
fats are eliminated through the
kidneys
lipoprotein
vehicles that transfer lipids to tissues
lipase
break down triglycerides
chylomicron
lipoprotein made in the mucosa cells
-gets absorbed into the lymph and then transports to other tissues
VLDL
Lipoprotein made in liver
-delivers fat to cells
blood vessels convert to IDL
IDL
lipoprotein made in blood - carry less fat
LDL
lipoprotein made in the blood - carry even less fat
HDl
lipoprotein made in liver - carry barely any fat
does chylomicron become smaller before getting to liver
yes, pulls fat out of it to the tissues then chylomicron is ripped apart and builds VLDL in liver
what is the purpose of VLDL
to deliver fat to cells
where is VLDL made
in the liver
what is the purpose od LPLS
break down triglycerides
what is causing the VLDL to get smaller
LPL recognizes and starts breaking it down to get triglycerides out of tissues around it
what are the names of the smaller versions of VLDL
LDL and IDL
what is the purpose of LDL
to deliver some fat and cholesterol to tissues
where is HDL is made
made in liver
- removes cholesterol from tissues
delivers cholesterol to liver
trans fat affects
inflammation, increases LDL and decreases HDL
MUFAS have a minor but ____ impact on
positive impact on cholesterol
