bone health Flashcards
rickets
soft bones caused by vitamin D deficiency
hydroxyapatite
crystals formed with calcium and phosphorus
osteoporosis
deterioration of bone - bones become weaker as more bones deteriorate away (less mineral in bone)
caused by calcium deficiency
t-score
patient standard deviation is compared to mean for a healthy 30 year old of the same sex and ethnicity as patient
z-score
patient standard deviation is compared to mean for patients age, sex, ethnicity
osteopenia t-score
-1 to -2.5
osteoporosis
-2.5 or greater
likely places for fractures if osteopenia or osteoporosis
femoral neck, and vertebra
trabecular bone
spongy bone
end of long bones
irregular bones
cortical bone
compact bone
outside of bone
growth plates
marrow cavity
in long bones (houses marrow)
red marrow
stem cells that can mature into blood cells and other things
yellow marrow
a lot of fat and some stem cells that are used to mature into cartilage
-red marrow turns into yellow marrow
bone resorption
osteoclasts
-breakdown hydroxyl down to CA phosphorus and that goes into the blood
bone formation
osteoblasts - build bone and become mature and they become osteocyte
process of maturation
mineralization and thats when you get your hydroxy oxalate back
osteoblasts
build bone
-active during remodeling
and when stress is introduced
osteoclasts
break down bone
-active during remodeling and when a person causes less stress
adolescence is primarily
osteoblasts
adulthood is
both osteoblast and osteoclasts
old age is primarily
osteoclasts
erythropoiesis
maturing of red bone marrow into red blood cells
hypercalcemia
too much calcium in the blood
- thyroid gland releases calcitonin which stimulates osteoblast to use the calcium released in the remodeling process
hypocalcemia
low blood calcium
-parathyroid hormone responds and stimulates osteoclasts and triggers resorption in the kidneys and causes the kidneys to make active vitamin D
