bone health

Question 1

rickets

Answer 1

soft bones caused by vitamin D deficiency

Question 2

hydroxyapatite

Answer 2

crystals formed with calcium and phosphorus

Question 3

osteoporosis

Answer 3

deterioration of bone - bones become weaker as more bones deteriorate away (less mineral in bone)
caused by calcium deficiency

Question 4

t-score

Answer 4

patient standard deviation is compared to mean for a healthy 30 year old of the same sex and ethnicity as patient

Question 5

z-score

Answer 5

patient standard deviation is compared to mean for patients age, sex, ethnicity

Question 6

osteopenia t-score

Answer 6

-1 to -2.5

Question 7

osteoporosis

Answer 7

-2.5 or greater

Question 8

likely places for fractures if osteopenia or osteoporosis

Answer 8

femoral neck, and vertebra

Question 9

trabecular bone

Answer 9

spongy bone
end of long bones
irregular bones

Question 10

cortical bone

Answer 10

compact bone
outside of bone
growth plates

Question 11

marrow cavity

Answer 11

in long bones (houses marrow)

Question 12

red marrow

Answer 12

stem cells that can mature into blood cells and other things

Question 13

yellow marrow

Answer 13

a lot of fat and some stem cells that are used to mature into cartilage
-red marrow turns into yellow marrow

Question 14

bone resorption

Answer 14

osteoclasts
-breakdown hydroxyl down to CA phosphorus and that goes into the blood

Question 15

bone formation

Answer 15

osteoblasts - build bone and become mature and they become osteocyte

Question 16

process of maturation

Answer 16

mineralization and thats when you get your hydroxy oxalate back

Question 17

osteoblasts

Answer 17

build bone
-active during remodeling
and when stress is introduced

Question 18

osteoclasts

Answer 18

break down bone
-active during remodeling and when a person causes less stress

Question 19

adolescence is primarily

Answer 19

osteoblasts

Question 20

adulthood is

Answer 20

both osteoblast and osteoclasts

Question 21

old age is primarily

Answer 21

osteoclasts

Question 22

erythropoiesis

Answer 22

maturing of red bone marrow into red blood cells

Question 23

hypercalcemia

Answer 23

too much calcium in the blood
- thyroid gland releases calcitonin which stimulates osteoblast to use the calcium released in the remodeling process

Question 24

hypocalcemia

Answer 24

low blood calcium
-parathyroid hormone responds and stimulates osteoclasts and triggers resorption in the kidneys and causes the kidneys to make active vitamin D