protein Flashcards
polypeptides
many bonds between amino acids
all proteins are built from
essential and non essential amino acids
nitrogen is in
every amino acid and is on the amine group
de-amination
removing nitrogen
what makes each amino acid unique
the side chain or R group
if protein shape is broken
protein no longer functions
final shape of a protein is
folded
ommnivore
no limitations in the food you eat (eat both plants and animals)
strict vegeterian
no meat, eggs, dairy
lacto-ovo vegetarian
includes dairy and eggs
vegan
no animal products
-no honey or gelatin
RDA in sedentary adult
0.8 g/kg bw
RDA for babies
1.52. g/kg bw
if you dont eat meat you have to add ____ to RDA
10% to original RDA
tryptophan RDA
5 mg/kg/day
leucine RDA
42 mg/kg/day
complete protein
contains adequate amounts of EAA
-all animal protein is complete
incomplete protein
lacking adequate in 1+ or more EAA
-plants often lack lysine or methionine -
whatever AA is lacking is called
limiting AA
protein quality
ability of a food and its dietary protein to provide nitrogen and amino acid for needs
-growth, maintenance, and repair of cells and tissues
PDCAA
protein quality score
from 0.0 to 1.0
factors that impact protein quality
- completeness
- bioavailablity of EAA
- protein density
- plant vs animal protein
limiting amino acid in plants
either lysine or methionine
sources high in protein
meat, dairy, legumes, nuts
sources low in protein
starch, most plants, fruit
quinoa
complete protein with low protein density
beans
incomplete protein with high protein density
vegan protein recommendations
0.8 g/kg bw + add 10% to RDA
vegan diet benefits
-more fiber
-less CVD
- decrease sat fat
-more vit C
-more folate
-more magnesium
-more potassium
vegan diet limitations
increase starch
decrease protein
decrease B12, calcium, iron, omega 3
PKU
cant metabolize phenyalanine
- missing enzyme PAH that metabolizes PHE to tyrosine
- toxic to PHE
conditionally EAA
we can make them by only from EAA
- when EAA is missing the CEAA becomes essential
people with PKU should avoid
animal proteins, quinoa, high protein, aspartame
people with PKU should monitor
plant food, fruit, and vegetables
cereals and many flour products
protein digestion in stomach
proteases, pepsin, HCL
protein digestion in small intestine
pancreatic and mucosa cell proteases
proteases
pepsinogen
enteropeptidase
trypsinogen
pepsinogen
converts to pepsin
- in stomach
- pro- enzyme
- hcl
pepsin can come back and activate it
enteropeptidase
made in mucosa cells
activates typsinogen
trypsinogen
made in pancreas
- trypsinogen converts trypsin
-enteropeptidase converts/ activates to trypsin
