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quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

breaking down food to enable absorption

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2
Q

mechanical

A

physical breaking down food (chewing)

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3
Q

chemical

A

breaking bonds or interfering with nutrient bonds (enzymes)
-saliva and salivary gland

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4
Q

stomach

A

HCL acid
-denatures bonds

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5
Q

protein enzyme

A

protease = down to individual AA

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6
Q

Carbohydrate enzymes

A

amylase, lactase, sucrase, maltase,

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7
Q

amylase

A

breaks down starch in the mouth

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8
Q

mucosa cells

A

lactase, sucrase, maltase

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9
Q

fat enzymes

A

lipase
-breaks down into simpler forms

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10
Q

carbs that cant be digested

A

fiber and starch

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11
Q

lipids that can be digested

A

cholestrol

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12
Q

protein that cant be digested

A

AA cant be digested any further

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13
Q

micronutrients that cant be digested

A

all nutrients and minerals

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14
Q

absorption

A

transport of nutrients into the blood

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15
Q

molecules absorbed as is

A

monosaccharides
monoglycerides
fatty acids .
amino acids
cholestrol
vitamin and minerals

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16
Q

Molecules to big to absorb

A

fiber, starch, triglycerides, proteins apl

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17
Q

perstalsis

A

contractions that mix the contents in stomach

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18
Q

gastric juice comes from

A

gastric pits

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19
Q

pepsin is resistant to

A

HCl

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20
Q

HCL

A

acid that denatures proteins

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21
Q

intrinsic factor

A

protein necessary for b12

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22
Q

mucus protects stomach from

A

HCL

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23
Q

chyme

A

mixture of food and gastric juice

24
Q

brush border enzyme
made by mucosa cells

A

lactase, maltase, sucrase

25
Q

enteropeptidase

A

helps with protein digestion
-activates certain proteases

26
Q

what stimulates CCk

A

fat entering small intestine

27
Q

target cells of CCK

A

smooth muscle of gall bladder

28
Q

result of CCK

A

gall bladder squeezes bile into small intestine

29
Q

what does bile do

A

aids in fat digestion

30
Q

what does secretin stimulate

A

acidic chyme

31
Q

target cells of secretin

32
Q

what does secretin do

A

make and release bicarb

33
Q

bi carbonate

A

neutralizes HCl and secretin

34
Q

protein digesting enzymes

A

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pro carboxypeptidase A and B

35
Q

trypsinogen

A

trypsin
and enteropeptidase activates trypsin

36
Q

trypsin activates

A

chymotrypsinogen and pro carboxypeptidase

37
Q

accessary organs

A

liver, gallbladder, pancrease

38
Q

liver

A

makes bile

39
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

40
Q

pancreas

A

pancreatic juice

41
Q

gallstones

A

hardened clumps of bile

42
Q

cck tells smooth muscle in gallbladder to

A

squirt bile into the si

43
Q

can you still digest fat if you dont have a gallbladder

A

it takes longer/ body isnt very good at it

44
Q

common bile duct

A

liver leaks bile into small intestine

45
Q

divalent cations

A

are competitive
doxycycline

46
Q

epitheial cells absorptions

A

absorbs all nutrients and chemicals

47
Q

secretion of epitheial cells

A

brush border enzymes
hormones
protein digesting pro enzymes

48
Q

epithial cells secrete

A

CCK and secretin

49
Q

brush border enzymes

A

sucrase, maltase, lactase

50
Q

large intestine protein

A

collect waste and excrete waste
-microbiota

51
Q

microbiome

A

community of microorganisms living in a habitat

52
Q

microbiota based on lifestyle (controllable)

A
  1. diet (probiotics and prebiotics)
  2. exercise
  3. stress
53
Q

microbiata based on uncontrollable factors

A

age and genetics

54
Q

healthy microbiome creates a thick mucous layer that prevents

A

attacking mucosa
creating leaky gut
bacteria invading behind mucosal cells
causing an inflammatory response

55
Q

good bacteria food is metabolized into

A

SCFA
1. propionate
2. acetate
3. butyrate

56
Q

SCFA

A
  1. propionate
  2. acetate
  3. butyrate

advanced nutrition (13 decks)

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