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carbs Flashcards

1
Q

complex carbohydrates

A

starch - amylase and amyolopectin
fiber - soluble and insoluble
-glycogen

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2
Q

simple carbohydrate

A

Disaccharides - lactose, maltose, sucrose
monosaccharides - glucose, galactose, fructose

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3
Q

digestible cho

A

starch - amylopectin
disaccrides - lactose, sucrose, fructose

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4
Q

what kind of starch is amylase

A

resistant starch

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5
Q

not digested or resistant to digestion CHO

A

fiber - soluble and insoluble
amylose
Monosaccharides - glucose, galactose, fructose

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6
Q

sucrose is the sweetest of the disaccharides because

A

its made of fructose and glucose

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7
Q

which monosaccharide is the sweetest

A

fructose

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8
Q

why are fruits sweeter than vegetables

A

because fruit have more fructose and sucrose

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9
Q

mechanical and chemical digestion happen both in the

A

mouth

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10
Q

amylase molecule is

A

large CHO molecules that are tightly packed together (straight line bonds)

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11
Q

isomaltase

A

breaks bonds at branches of amylopectin

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12
Q

maltase

A

breaks straight-line bonds
-breaks down maltose and small CHO molecules

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13
Q

sucrase breaks bond in

A

suncrose

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14
Q

lactase breaks the bond in

A

lactose

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15
Q

fiber is made up of

A

B,1,4 and glucose glucose bonds

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16
Q

role of mucosa cells in SI: digestion

A

brush border enzymes
-disaccharide digestion

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17
Q

role of mucosa cells in SI: absorption

A

mucosa cells in SI absorp all nutrients

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18
Q

what does secretin do

A

neutralizes HCl

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19
Q

nutrients get absorbed into the blood

A

H20 soluble, CHO

20
Q

nutrients that get absorbed into the lumph

A

fat-soluble nutrients, ADEK, cholesterol and fats

21
Q

CHO is converted at ___ to

A

sees liver first, and turned into galactose and fructose

22
Q

after CHO is converted it is stored as

A

glycogen in the skeletal muscle or converted to fat and stored as fat

23
Q

which organ can glycogen not leave

A

the muscle

24
Q

difference between celiacs disease and gluten intolerance

A

CD = damaged to SI and autoimmune reaction
GI= no damage to SI

25
Q

zonulin causes

A

leaky gut

26
Q

people with celiacs disease have less

A

digestion = brush border enzymes - difficulty in digesting disaccharides
-decrease in isomaltase - helps digest amylopectin

27
Q

hyperglycemia

A

too much blood sugar
-pancreas needs to release insulin
-transport extra sugar into cells
-builds glycogen
-then returns to normal blood sugar

28
Q

hypoglycemia

A

too little blood sugar
-pancreas releases glucagon
-glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis in liver
-stimulates glycogeneogensis
-then it normalizes glycogen

29
Q

glycogen is made in

A

muscle, liver, adipocytes

30
Q

insulin release is proportionate to

A

hyperglycemia

31
Q

reactive hyerglycemia

A

server hyperglycemia causes severe hyerinsulinemia

32
Q

good CHO

A

-more fiber the better
-whole grain
-fruits
-veggies
-starchy fibers

33
Q

bad CHO

A

sodas, juice, pasta, pure startches

34
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

cant produce insulin
-struggle resolving hyperglycemia
-target cells are healthy

35
Q

what triggers type 1 diabetes

A

stress triggers autoimmune response

36
Q

therapy for type 1 diabetes

A

insulin pumps

37
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

struggle resolving hyperglycemia
-insulin resistance - target cells dont respond
-beta cell fatigue over time

38
Q

therapy for type 2 diabetes

A

insulin injections
-weight loss

39
Q

insulin resistance (type 2) is reversible

A

true

40
Q

lipogenesis

A

making triglycerides from fat

41
Q

de novo lipogenesis

A

making triglycerides from CHO or protein

42
Q

impact of insulin on carbohydrates

A

stimulates making glycogen, and inhibits glyconeogenesis

43
Q

impact of insulin on protein

A

stimulates protein synthesis
inhibits protolysis

44
Q

impact of insulin on fat

A

stimulates lipogenesis
inhibits lipolysis

45
Q
A

advanced nutrition (13 decks)

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