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quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

the absence of disease

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2
Q

disease/disorder

A

associated with signs and symptoms
-symptoms: conditions, illness, disorders

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3
Q

genetic causes

A

heredity

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4
Q

nutrition causes of disease

A

Both toxicity and disease

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5
Q

what is the link between genetically caused disorders?

A

protein

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6
Q

nucleus

A

DNA house

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7
Q

DNA (gene)

A

recipe we make proteins from

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8
Q

mRNA

A

copy of recipe (or DNA)

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9
Q

cytosol

A

cytoplasm - protein is built

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10
Q

ribosome

A

work bench - where it is being made

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11
Q

tRNA

A

transport individual amino acid to ribosome to continue making the new string of AA

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12
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks

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13
Q

polypeptide

A

protein

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14
Q

gene expression

A

appearance of a protein

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15
Q

link between genetically caused disorders

A

protein

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16
Q

what is the result of not having genetic code for a protein

A

none of that protein

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17
Q

what is the result of having a faulty genetic code for a protein

A

faulty protein or protein wont work

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18
Q

lactose intolerance genetically linked

A

missing lactase or faulty code

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19
Q

lactose intolerance environmental caused

A

use it or lose it
- not eating dairy means the body doesnt need to make lactase anymore

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20
Q

inborn error in metabolism of lactose is

A

genetics

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21
Q

treatment for lactose intolerance

A

eating dairy/ lactose

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22
Q

fermentation

A

bacteria id added to milk
-bacteria metabolism sugar

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23
Q

lactaid

A

allows lactaid to survive

24
Q

type of protein that is creating lactose intolerance

A

enzyme (lactase)

25
Q

genetic link for lactose intolerance

A

lacking genetic code for lactase

26
Q

galactosemia is an inborn error in metabolism of

A

galactose

26
Q

galactosemia in relationship with lactose intolerance

A

galactose is mainly found in lactase

26
Q

treatment for galactosemia

A

stay away from lactose

27
Q

type of protein that creates galactosemia

A

GALT

28
Q

PKU is an inborn error in metabolism

A

phenylalnine (PHE)

29
Q

problems with PKU

A

accumulation of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid

30
Q

essential amino acid in PKU

A

tyrosine

31
Q

treatment for PKU

A

stay away from PHe and consume tyrosine
-animal proteins, quinoa, complete proteins
-aspartame (fake sugar) - contains Phe
-fruits and veggies in moderation

32
Q

type of protein causing the problem in pKU

A

enzyme - PAH

33
Q

genetic link for PKU

A

faulty genetic code
-less functional PAH

34
Q

Cystic Fibrosis in born error of the production of

A

chloride channels

35
Q

problems in CF

A

persistent cough
wheezing and shortness of breath
frequent lung infections
hard time getting O2 in and CO2 out

36
Q

CF has reduced flow or blocked pancreatic ducts because?

A

because of cysts and fibrosis
-results in reduced pancreatic juice which leads to a decrease in digestive enzymes

37
Q

reduced ability to absorb nutrients in SI

A

due to less efficient digestion

38
Q

digestive and nutrient concerns with CF

A

nutrients cant be absorbed well
can lead to deficiences

39
Q

treatment for CF

A

PERPS: pancreatic enzyme replacement products (lipase, amylase and protease
chest and upper back physiotherapy
supplemental oxygen
airway clearance techniques

40
Q

type of protein creating cf in lungs

A

chloride transporter

41
Q

DNA is dependent on

A

vitamins and amino acids

42
Q

nutrient deficiences create lower ability to make DNA

A

folate, B6, B12, methionine/ cystine ect

43
Q

disorders from deficincies

A

anemia
neural tube defects

44
Q

epigenetics

A

changes in DNA expression due to transient internal and external factors

45
Q

DNA expression

A

transcription and translation stimulation
more protein

46
Q

DNA silencing

A

translation and transcription inhibiting
less protein

47
Q

internal or external factors of stimulating T and T or silencing

A

internal = fat, cell, cytokinase
external factors = nutrients/ chemicals

48
Q

both expression and silencing are caused by

A

DNA methylation and histone modification

49
Q

what DNA changes causes different proteins to be present or absent

A

methylation or histone modification of our DNA

50
Q

misexpression of proteins

A

causes different end points
-phenotype
-health status
-resistance to external factors

51
Q

cytokine production due to fat mass production =
nutrients =

A

internal factor
external

51
Q

misexpression of proteins makes you

A

more susceptibile to illness

52
Q

nutriepigenetics

A

changes in DNA expression due to external factors such as dietary nutrient/ chemical availability

52
Q

fortification of foods

A

adding nutrients originally present and removed through processing like grains and flour

53
Q

enrichment of foods

A

adding more of something

advanced nutrition (13 decks)

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