Quiz 5 (PTSD, Anxiety, ADHD, CD, ODD)

Question 1

Neurodiversity

Answer 1

Brain differences, not deficits, for those with neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 2

Which category is ADHD in?

Answer 2

Neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 3

3 subtypes of ADHD

Answer 3

Predominatly inattentive presentation

Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive

Combined inattentive and hyperactive presentation

Question 4

When is ADHD most often identified or diagnosed? Why?

Answer 4

During school years. More impairing (opportunity for impairment)

Question 5

Difference in preschool versus school years for ADHD symptoms

Answer 5

In preschool, hyperactivity tends to be main manifestation,
in school, it’s more attentional problems

Question 6

Is ADHD heritable?

Answer 6

Yes, high heritability of 74%. Some particular genes identified.

Question 7

Gender ratio of ADHD

Answer 7

2:1 male to female in childhood;
1.6:1 in adulthood

Question 8

What is the goal of medication for ADHD? Which medications are most common? What influences responses to medication?

Answer 8

Goal: reduce hyperactivity/impulsivity and improve attention.

Stimulant medications are most common, but there are non-stimulant medications available now.

Doesn’t work for everyone, genes matter to responses to meds

Question 9

What behavioral treatments for ADHD?

Answer 9

Children: BPT (involves parents)

Adulthood: CBT

Question 10

What are some childhood disruptive behavior disorders?

Answer 10

Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Question 11

What category is ODD and CD in the DSM-5?

Answer 11

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

Question 12

Is one setting of defiant behavior sufficient for ODD diagnosis?

Answer 12

Yep!

Question 13

High comorbidities of ODD

Answer 13

ADHD and CD

Question 14

Which onset of CD (developmentally) has a worse prognosis?

Answer 14

Childhood-onset has worse than adolescent-onset

Question 15

What differentiates ODD and CD?

Answer 15

Severity (CD more severe)

ODD has angry/irritable mood

ODD often precedes CD development. But also many who don’t end up CD. (multifinality)

Question 16

Treatment of ODD and CD

Answer 16

BPT, CBT, Family therapy

Question 17

Fear vs. Anxiety

Answer 17

Fear: Response to real/perceived threat

Anxiety: Anticipation of future threat

Question 18

What is a very important feature of anxiety disorders?

Answer 18

Avoidance

Question 19

What’s the time frame that makes anxiety become a disorder?

What other things make it a disorder?

Answer 19

6+ months.

Distress/impairment

Not developmentally normal

Question 20

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Answer 20

A fear of separation from attachment figures. Causes avoidance of school or other anxious thoughts of what will happen to these figures

Question 21

How long must symptoms last for it to be considered separation anxiety disorder in childhood vs. adulthood

Answer 21

Childhood: 4 weeks

Adulthood: 6 months

Question 22

What is a risk factor of separation anxiety disorder?

Answer 22

After a major stressor or loss.

Question 23

Selective Mutism

how long?

Answer 23

Consistent failure to speak in social situations when expected, but speaks elsewhere. 1+ month (can’t be first month of school).

Related to social anxiety

Question 24

Gender differences in ‘specific phobia’ diagnosis

Answer 24

More females than males

Question 25

Social Anxiety Disorder how long?

Answer 25

Excessive fear or anxiety of social interactions. 6+ months

Question 26

Panic Disorder

Answer 26

Recurring UNexpected panic attacks. Anxiety that they will occur again.

Question 27

What is the panic attack specifier?

Answer 27

Patient experiences panic attacks, but doesn't meet criteria for panic disorder (eg. PTSD with panic attacks)

Question 28

Agoraphobia

Answer 28

Fears of situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be there

Question 29

Generalized Anxiety Disorder how long?

Answer 29

Excessive worry across domains (eg. school, work). 6+ months

Question 30

What are some behavioral treatments of anxiety disorders?

Answer 30

CBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Exposure therapy

Question 31

What are some biological treatments for anxiety disorders?

Answer 31

SSRIs, SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), Benzodiazepine

Question 32

What are Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders?

Answer 32

A group of disorders where exposure to traumatic or stressful events are necessary diagnostic criterion.

Question 33

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) What is in common? What differentiates them?

Answer 33

Absence of caregiving in childhood. Emotional and social needs not met. Severe neglect, repeated primary caregiver changes, etc. RAD is more internal, DSED is more external

Question 34

How many domains of criteria are there for PTSD? How long PTSD?

Answer 34

5 (A-E) 12+ months

Question 35

Criterion A of PTSD

Answer 35

Experience of actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

Question 36

Comorbidities of PTSD

Answer 36

depression, biopolar, anxiety, SUDs

Question 37

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 37

Sam as PTSD symptoms but not yet 1 month. (3 days to 1 month)

Question 38

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 38

Symptoms that develop because of a stressor that occurred within 3 months.

Question 39

How long is adjustment disorder diagnosed for?

Answer 39

It's temporary based on the duration of stressor. After 6 months, it will be classified as another disorder. (cannot be adjustment after 6 months)

Question 40

Prolonged Grief Disorder Min Time before diagnose? when added to DSM?

Answer 40

Grief reaction 12+ months after death of loved one (6 months for child). Very new, DSM-5-TR. New diagnosis.

Question 41

PTSD behavioral treatment

Answer 41

TF-CBT (trauma focused cbt) Cognitive Processing Therapy Exposure

Question 42

PTSD medication treatments

Answer 42

SSRIs, SNRIs (same for depression/anxiety)