Quiz 5 (PTSD, Anxiety, ADHD, CD, ODD) Flashcards
Neurodiversity
Brain differences, not deficits, for those with neurodevelopmental disorders
Which category is ADHD in?
Neurodevelopmental disorder
3 subtypes of ADHD
Predominatly inattentive presentation
Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
Combined inattentive and hyperactive presentation
When is ADHD most often identified or diagnosed? Why?
During school years. More impairing (opportunity for impairment)
Difference in preschool versus school years for ADHD symptoms
In preschool, hyperactivity tends to be main manifestation,
in school, it’s more attentional problems
Is ADHD heritable?
Yes, high heritability of 74%. Some particular genes identified.
Gender ratio of ADHD
2:1 male to female in childhood;
1.6:1 in adulthood
What is the goal of medication for ADHD? Which medications are most common? What influences responses to medication?
Goal: reduce hyperactivity/impulsivity and improve attention.
Stimulant medications are most common, but there are non-stimulant medications available now.
Doesn’t work for everyone, genes matter to responses to meds
What behavioral treatments for ADHD?
Children: BPT (involves parents)
Adulthood: CBT
What are some childhood disruptive behavior disorders?
Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder
What category is ODD and CD in the DSM-5?
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Is one setting of defiant behavior sufficient for ODD diagnosis?
Yep!
High comorbidities of ODD
ADHD and CD
Which onset of CD (developmentally) has a worse prognosis?
Childhood-onset has worse than adolescent-onset
What differentiates ODD and CD?
Severity (CD more severe)
ODD has angry/irritable mood
ODD often precedes CD development. But also many who don’t end up CD. (multifinality)
Treatment of ODD and CD
BPT, CBT, Family therapy
Fear vs. Anxiety
Fear: Response to real/perceived threat
Anxiety: Anticipation of future threat
What is a very important feature of anxiety disorders?
Avoidance
What’s the time frame that makes anxiety become a disorder?
What other things make it a disorder?
6+ months.
Distress/impairment
Not developmentally normal
Separation Anxiety Disorder
A fear of separation from attachment figures. Causes avoidance of school or other anxious thoughts of what will happen to these figures
How long must symptoms last for it to be considered separation anxiety disorder in childhood vs. adulthood
Childhood: 4 weeks
Adulthood: 6 months
What is a risk factor of separation anxiety disorder?
After a major stressor or loss.
Selective Mutism
how long?
Consistent failure to speak in social situations when expected, but speaks elsewhere. 1+ month (can’t be first month of school).
Related to social anxiety
Gender differences in ‘specific phobia’ diagnosis
More females than males
Social Anxiety Disorder
how long?
Excessive fear or anxiety of social interactions. 6+ months
Panic Disorder
Recurring UNexpected panic attacks. Anxiety that they will occur again.
What is the panic attack specifier?
Patient experiences panic attacks, but doesn’t meet criteria for panic disorder (eg. PTSD with panic attacks)
Agoraphobia
Fears of situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be there
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
how long?
Excessive worry across domains (eg. school, work). 6+ months
What are some behavioral treatments of anxiety disorders?
CBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Exposure therapy
What are some biological treatments for anxiety disorders?
SSRIs, SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), Benzodiazepine
What are Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders?
A group of disorders where exposure to traumatic or stressful events are necessary diagnostic criterion.
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)
What is in common? What differentiates them?
Absence of caregiving in childhood. Emotional and social needs not met. Severe neglect, repeated primary caregiver changes, etc.
RAD is more internal, DSED is more external
How many domains of criteria are there for PTSD?
How long PTSD?
5 (A-E)
12+ months
Criterion A of PTSD
Experience of actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
Comorbidities of PTSD
depression, biopolar, anxiety, SUDs
Acute Stress Disorder
Sam as PTSD symptoms but not yet 1 month. (3 days to 1 month)
Adjustment Disorders
Symptoms that develop because of a stressor that occurred within 3 months.
How long is adjustment disorder diagnosed for?
It’s temporary based on the duration of stressor. After 6 months, it will be classified as another disorder. (cannot be adjustment after 6 months)
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Min Time before diagnose?
when added to DSM?
Grief reaction 12+ months after death of loved one (6 months for child).
Very new, DSM-5-TR. New diagnosis.
PTSD behavioral treatment
TF-CBT (trauma focused cbt)
Cognitive Processing Therapy
Exposure
PTSD medication treatments
SSRIs, SNRIs (same for depression/anxiety)
