Exam #2 Flashcards
What’s the science on childhood vaccines and ASD?
No support.
For those with Developmental Coordination Disorder, how many continue in adolescence?
around 50-70%
What disorders does Stereotypic Movement Disorder cooccur with?
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Tourette’s Disorder
A type of tic disorder.
Multiple motor tics and 1+ vocal tics (1+ years)
Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder
Motor or vocal tics, but not both (1+ years)
Provisional tic disorder
Single motor and/or vocal tics, less than 1 year
What’s the typical course of tic disorders?
Onset at ages 4-6, then symptoms decline when adolescence and adulthood
Most common comorbidities of tic disorders
ADHD and OCD
Triggers of tics
Anxiety, exhaustion, excitement, repeating others’ movements.
Dyslexia
Problem with word reading, reading rate, or reading comprehension
Dysgraphia
Problems with spelling, grammar, and organization or written expression
Dyscalculia
Porblems with number sense, arithmetic, calculation
What is Neurodiversity?
The idea that people interact with the world differently and have differences in brains. Not deficits, but differences.
Often used for neurodev disorders, especially ASD
one of the most common mental health referrals?
ADHD
3 subtypes of ADHD
predominantly inattentive presentation
predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
combined inattentive and hyperactive presentation
What are some psychosocial concerns about ADHD?
They are often viewed negatively by others, which might lead to negative feedback from peers and adults, leading to low self-esteem
What’s a con about medication for ADHD?
The effects don’t last following discontinuation
For ODD, how many settings must the symptoms be present in for diagnosis?
One (or more).
2 types of Conduct Disorder (developmentally)
Childhood-onset and Adolescent-onset
What is the cutoff age for childhood-onset vs. adolescent-onset for CD?
10 years old (symptoms before/after 10yr)
How does ODD and CD differ?
CD is more severe.
ODD has mood component
Example of multifinality and ODD/CD
ODD often precedes CD. But many with ODD don’t get CD.
Fear vs. Anxiety
Fear is fight/flight, immediate responses to real or perceived threat
Anxiety is worries about future threat or possible danger
How are anxiety disorders arranged in the DSM?
Age of onset
How might social anxiety disorder people self-medicate?
Substances in social situations
What were trauma and stressor-related disorders previously thought of as? Why now separate group?
Anxiety disorders
But symptoms might not always be anxiety or fear, so they made a separate category
which disorder can RAD not be diagnosed with?
ASD
Which disorder may have excessive self-disclosure as a symptom in adulthood?
DSED
What is the natural recovery curve?
The gradual decline of PTSD diagnosis based on time since trauma. Shows rape victims as same slope but higher intercept than non-sexual assult victims.
Which disorder we talked about was very recently (DSM-5-TR) added to DSM?
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Alternative name for hair pulling disorder
Trichotillomania
Alternative name for skin picking disorder
Excoriation Disorder
What is level of insight for OCD? What is the range of insight in patients?
No insight = belefs are true
Good insight = beliefs are probably or definitely not true
What might accomodation of symptoms by others do to OCD patients?
Make the symptoms worse.
What disorder may overlap with OCD in childhood?
Tic disorder
Exposure and Response Therapy is used for what disorder? What is it a subtype of
A type of CBT. Used for OCD.
What subtype of body dysmorphic disorder is mostly in adolescent boys and men?
Muscle dysmorphia
What disorder is excoriation disorder commonly comorbid with?
Trichotillomania
Which anxiety disorder involves 3+ physical symptoms (out of 6)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The 3 ‘categories’ of symptoms for ODD
angry/irritable mood
argumentative/defiant
vindictiveness
Lifetime prevalence of CD (for individually men and women)
Men: 12%
Women: 7%
What is the most supported way to treat ASD?
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
2 Parts of ASD
1) deficits in social communication skills
2) restricted and repetitive behaviors or specific interests or activities
2 Parts of Intellectual disability
1) adaptive functioning
2) intellectual functioning
What is a unique risk factor of separation anxiety disorder?
A major stressor or loss
How many settings must ADHD symptoms be present to count as ADHD?
2 or more
The 4 types of communication disorders
Learning Disorder
Speech Sound Disorder
Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
What disorder is rumination disorder most seen with?
Intellectual disability
What disorders does Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder comorbid with?
Neurodevlopmental disorders, OCD, and anxiety disorders
What are 2 ways anorexia nervosa disorder people restrict energy intake?
Binge-eat (purging type)
or
Dieting/Fasting (restricting type)
What disorder is most prevalent in high-income countries?
Anorexia Nervosa
How long until many experience remission for Anorexia Nervosa?
5 years
What differentiates Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder?
Both involve binge eating, but Bulimia has inappropriate compensatory behaviors
Which of the eating disorders involve weight criteria?
Only anorexia nervosa (by BMI)
Treatment of Eating Disorders
May start hospitalization, then group therapyy, recovery programs, etc.
Psychological:
FBT (family based treatment; best for anorexia)
CBT (best for bulimia and binge-eating)
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)(best for bulimima and binge eating)
SSRIs
