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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is shared for all depressive disorders?

A

Sad, irritable, empty mood

Impedes individual capacity to function

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2
Q

Why was disruptive mood dysregulation disorder added to DSM-5?

A

Concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar in children who were experiencing extreme irritability

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3
Q

Children with severe irritability most fit which disorder?

And which disorder are they likely to be diagnosed with later on?

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

likely depression/anxiety, or maybe bipolar

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4
Q

How many settings must disruptive mood dysregulation occur in

A

2 or more

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5
Q

How many times a week outbursts must occur for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?

A

3 or more.

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6
Q

Which disorder is a leading cause of disability?

A

MDD

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7
Q

when does the first episode of depression typically occur?

A

adolescence or adulthood

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8
Q

Anhedonia

A

loss of pleasure in nearly all activities

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9
Q

What are the gender differences in MDD?

When do they emerge?

A

Much more female than male MDD prevalence.

Emerges in adolescence (around age 14)

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10
Q

How does puberty relate to MDD?

A

Likelihood of MDD onset increases with puberty.

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11
Q

What are the stats on improvement of symptoms for those with MDD since onset?

A

Within 3 months: 40% improve.

Within 1 year: 80% improve.

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12
Q

What’s heritability of MDD?

A

40%

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13
Q

What disorder often precedes persistent depressive disorder?

A

MDD

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14
Q

When was premenstrual dysphoric disorder added to DSM?

A

DSM-5

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15
Q

How is diagnosed usually confirmed for premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Prospective ratings over 2 cycles (mood and symptoms each day for 2 cycles)

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16
Q

List the 4 depressive disorders covered

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

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17
Q

What big categories are mood disorders?

A

Bipolar and Depressive.

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18
Q

What constitutes bipolar disorders?

A

Mood disorders with mania. (often with depression)

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19
Q

What are bipolar disorders considered in between?

A

Between depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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20
Q

What is mania? (or manic episode)

What’s hypomania?

A

Period of persistently elevated, expansive, irritable mood. 1+ week

Hypomania is 4 consecutive days

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21
Q

Rather than being elevated, manic episodes can be experiences of _____

A

irritability.

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22
Q

Bipolar disorders must importantly not be better explained by what?

A

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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23
Q

is bipolar I or II more common?

A

I

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24
Q

60% of people with bipolar II disorder have what?

A

3 or more co-occuring disorders.

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25
What's common medicine treatment for bipolar?
Lithium - reduce mania. medications are first-line anti-depressants if depressive symptoms.
26
which bipolar disorders have depressive symptoms?
bipolar ii or cyclothymic
27
what disorders use psychoeducation? learn more about their disorder
bipolar disorders, schizophrenia
28
Most effective therapies for bipolar disorders (3)
1) CBT 2) Family-focused 3) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy.
29
Cyclothymic Disorder comorbids with what disorders?
sleep disorders or substance-related.
30
Suicidal ideation (definition) what are the 2 subtypes?
Thinking about, planning, or considering suicide. passive ideation: thoughts of death active ideation: thoughts of methods, plans, intent to die
31
Suicide attempt (definition)
intent to die, but ended up non-fatal.
32
NSSI
non-suicidal self-injury self-harm without the intent to die.
33
are there more suicides or homicides?
2x more suicides
34
What are STBs? what psychopathology?
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors. all kinds of psychopathology, not just mood disorders.
35
What are treatments to STBs? (3)
Risk assessment safety planning reduction of other symptoms
36
What's safety planning?
An intervention for suicide. Talk with patient of what to do when triggers, places to go, hotline, etc.
37
bipolar disorders covered
bipolar i bipolar ii cyclothymic disorder substance induced whatevs.
38
what's a substance use disorder?
problematic pattern of use leading to clinical impairment. 2 or more symptoms within 12-month period
39
What's the problem with substance use and activation of reward system?
Substances might eventually produce such intense activation of reward system that normal activities no longer feel rewarding.
40
how many possible symptoms for SUDs?
11 possible. 2 of 11 is criteria.
41
What is the impaired control symptom in SUDs?
Cravings; all daily activities revolve around substance.
42
What is the social impairment symptom in SUDs?
Failure to fulfill role obligations at work/school/home due to use.
43
SUD symptom: Failure to fulfill role obligations at work/school/home due to use.
social impairment
44
SUD symptom: Cravings; all daily activities revolve around substance.
impaired control
45
What is the risky use symptom in SUDs?
use of substance when physically hazardous and knowledge/experience of problems.
46
SUD symptom: use of substance when physically hazardous and knowledge/experience of problems.
risky use
47
What is the pharmacological criteria symptom in SUDs?
Tolerance and withdrawal
48
SUD symptom: Tolerance and withdrawal
pharmacological criteria
49
Substance use disorder severity
Mild: 2-3 symptoms Moderate: 4-5 Severe: 6+
50
past-year prevalence of SUD
7.4%
51
What's integrative model of substance-related disorders?
combines biological psychosocio influences on drug.
52
What are substance use disorders comborbid with?
With each other (eg. alochol, weed, tobacco). Bipolar/schizo/depression/anxiety
53
What's aversive treatment for SUDs?
Drugs that make substances very unpleasant
54
How effective are biological treatments for SUD?
Generally ineffective when alone. Helps withdrawal symptoms.
55
How do inpatient vs. outcpatient care treatment for SUDs compare?
Little diff.
56
Component treatment
Used for SUDs. Uses elements like psychotherapy and contingency mangement
57
Motivational enhancement therapy
A type of psychosocio treatment for SUD
58
Contingency management. what is it? what disorder?
For SUDs. create plan with therapist to change behaviors using goals/rewards
59
Gambling Disorder what category? why? what is it?
"Substance-use and addictive disorders" Activate reward systems similar to psychoactive drugs. behavioral symptoms are similar to SUDs
60
What is a personality disorder?
Disorders of interpersonal functioning. How we understand self and others.
61
How are PDs organized in DSM-5?
Section II (main part) and Section III (emerging measures and models)
62
Section II of DSM - PDs What categories?
10 types with 3 categories: A: odd or eccentric B: dramatic, emotional, erratic C: anxious or fearful
63
What are problems with section II DSM on PDs
Lots of comorbidity, some low prevalence, some don't meet criteria for one but have symptoms across.
64
Section III of DSM on PDs name? acronym? what it is. how PDs are viewed as?
Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) Overall personality disorder with 6 subtypes. PDs are on dimension of severity.
65
What are the 4 elements of personality functioning? where is this?
DSM-5 section III Identity, self-direction, empathy, and initimacy
66
Some researchers think what captures the 'core' of PDs? most representative.
BPD
67
Define BPD
instability in interpersonal releationships. marked impusivity, instable self-image.
68
How mayn sympotoms to meet criteria for BPD?
5/9
69
How young can diagnose with BPD?
12-13 already validly can.
70
is BPD untreatable?
no. severity goes down in 30s and 40s
71
Suicide rate of BPD ppl
8%
72
Treatments for BPD
DBT (dialectical behavior therapy) MBT (mentalization based) TFP (transference-focused)
73
what is DBT?
Dialectical Behavior aim to help accept and manage emotions.
74
what's MBT?
Mentalization Based understand how their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect themselves and others
75
TFP?
transference-focused psychotherapy organize their sense of self and how they interact with others
76
What are schizo spectrum and other psychotic disorders?
abnormalities in the 5 domains delusions hallucinations disorganized thinking (speech) disorganized motor behavior negative symptoms
77
What are delusions?
fixed beliefs that not changable in light of evidence.
78
Bizzare delusions
Clearly implausible and not derived from life experiences.
79
erotomanic delusions
belief that someone else is in love with them.
80
belief that someone else is in love with them.
erotomanic delusions
81
hallucinations
perception-like experiences without external stimulus.
82
most common hallucination sense
auditiory
83
Hallunications when are not considered a form of psychosis?
When asleep or waking up.
84
3 types of disorganized speech/thinking
loose associations tangential speech incoherence
85
Catatonic behavior
signifcant decrease in reactivity to nevironemnt.
86
negative symptoms
lack of normally experienced things.
87
avolition
decrease in motivated/purposeful activities
88
alogia
decreased speech output
89
How are schizo spectrum disorders ordered?
by increasing severity
90
List the schizo spectrum disorders in order
Schizotypal PD Delusional disorder Brief psychotic disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder
91
Shizotypal PD is considered what type of disrder?
DSM-5: PD ICD-11: schizo spectrum disorder
92
delusional disorder
1+ delusions for 1+ months no other symptoms of a schizophrenia specturm dsiroder.
93
brief psychotic disorder
Less than 1 month. Any of the 5 main symptoms except negative bx.
94
Schizophreniform Disorder
at least 2 of the 5 symptoms. 1 to 6 months. similar to schizo but less time.
95
Schizophrenia
6+ months 1 month of active phase. 2 or more symptoms.
96
Schizoaffective Disorder Requires 2 weeks where what?
Mood episode (mania/depression) and active psychotic symptoms. Period of 2 weeks where delulu/hallucin are without mood ep.
97
Gender diffs in schizophrenia
no
98
What happens before onset of active psychosis for some schizo ppl?
majority have some slow and gradual development of symptoms: social withdrawal, emotional changes, cognitive changes.
99
Prodromal schizophrenia what's prodrome?
Period of decline leading up to the onset of psychotic episode. prodrome is the time between behavioral/psych changes to onset of psychotic symptoms.
100
What's neurology of schizophrenia?
Cognitive impairment; brain differences in white/grey matter, reduced volume of brain, eye tracking diffs. Many neurological signs
101
Treatment for schizo
both pharma and behavioral treamtents recommended antipsychotic medication
102
what do antipsychotic medication do in NS
dopamine receptors.
103
behavioral treatments for schizo
residental treamtent to stabalize, psychoeducation, social skills training, etc.
104
schizo prevalence
.3-.7% lifetime.

Psychopathology (9 decks)

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