Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is RDoC?
Research Domain Criteria.
- a framework for research of mental disorders by NIMH.
one-dimensional vs. multi-dimensional models of mental disorders
one-dimensional looks at one cause (from one perspective) while multi-dimensional looks at integrative causal factors that contribute to the disorder
6 Domains in RDoC
Negative Valence
Positive Valence
Cognitive
Systems for Social Processes
Arousal/Regulatory
Sensorimotor
Polygenic predictors of mental illness
Multiple genes in combination predict MI
What percentage of variations in psychopathology is explained by genes?
Less than 50%
Which lobes of the brain are most important contributors to mental illness?
Frontal lobes
Basal ganglia dysfunction might cause:
Motor skill dysfunction
HPA axis
A communication system between three endocrine system organs that regulate stress reaction
How might cognitive styles contribute to psychopathology?
What treatment helps with this?
Negative cognitive styles (natural or habitual self-defeating thinking) or learned helplessness.
“C” part of CBT helps with this.
How might behavioral processes contribute to psychopathology? (Two ways)
1) Observational
- observe and imitate behaviors that lead to distress/impairment
2) Operant
- disruptive behavior lead to good results, resulting in more of that behavior (eg. substances)
What’s the evolutionary purpose of emotion?
Emotion elicits or evokes action through a physiological characteristic.
Mood vs. Emotion vs. Affect
Mood is an enduring period of emotionality (even if physiological reaction of emotion is over)
Affect is our conscious subjective emotional aspect.
Temperament
Our biologically (naturally) driven personality (tendencies) which are seen in infancy.
Personality
Temperament + Environment (eg. Big 5)
How does society/culture/environment influence psychopathology
Culture, stigma, gender (identity and roles), life stressors, discrimination, etc.
What periods of life is developmental psychology interested in?
Any period of life where illness can develop (doesn’t just stop at adulthood)
Risk factors vs. Protective factors
Increases/reduces likelihood of psychopathology development
Contextual influences of psychopathology (in developmental psych)
Anything outside the individual (environmental/social)
Why is studying typical development important for the study of psychopathology?
It informs us about what is atypical.
Equifinality vs. Multifinality
Equifinality: Different risk factors that produce that same outcome.
Multifinality: The same risk factor (eg. war) that produces different outcomes in individuals.
What does multiple levels of analysis refer to in developmental psychopathology?
How different factors (neurotransmitters, culture, etc.) interact with one another.
Resilience in psychopathology (two definitions)
1) High risk, but doesn’t develop psychopathology
2) Develops psychopathology, but quickly recovers
Translational research
Moves lab research to the real world
Preventive intervention vs. Intervention
preventive is for those at risk but without the disorder. intervention is when they already have it.
Diathesis-stress model
Disorders result from risk factors AND life stressors in combination
Reciprocal gene-environment model
genetics may make people more likely to seek certain environments that increases risk
Hindbrain vs. Midbrain
Hindbrain: Automatic activities + Cerebellum.
Midbrain: Movement with sensory input, reticular activating system (sleep/wake)
3 aspects of emotion
behavior, physiology, and cognition
