Quiz 2

Question 1

What is RDoC?

Answer 1

Research Domain Criteria.
- a framework for research of mental disorders by NIMH.

Question 2

one-dimensional vs. multi-dimensional models of mental disorders

Answer 2

one-dimensional looks at one cause (from one perspective) while multi-dimensional looks at integrative causal factors that contribute to the disorder

Question 3

6 Domains in RDoC

Answer 3

Negative Valence
Positive Valence
Cognitive
Systems for Social Processes
Arousal/Regulatory
Sensorimotor

Question 4

Polygenic predictors of mental illness

Answer 4

Multiple genes in combination predict MI

Question 5

What percentage of variations in psychopathology is explained by genes?

Answer 5

Less than 50%

Question 6

Which lobes of the brain are most important contributors to mental illness?

Answer 6

Frontal lobes

Question 7

Basal ganglia dysfunction might cause:

Answer 7

Motor skill dysfunction

Question 8

HPA axis

Answer 8

A communication system between three endocrine system organs that regulate stress reaction

Question 9

How might cognitive styles contribute to psychopathology?

What treatment helps with this?

Answer 9

Negative cognitive styles (natural or habitual self-defeating thinking) or learned helplessness.

“C” part of CBT helps with this.

Question 10

How might behavioral processes contribute to psychopathology? (Two ways)

Answer 10

1) Observational
- observe and imitate behaviors that lead to distress/impairment

2) Operant
- disruptive behavior lead to good results, resulting in more of that behavior (eg. substances)

Question 11

What’s the evolutionary purpose of emotion?

Answer 11

Emotion elicits or evokes action through a physiological characteristic.

Question 12

Mood vs. Emotion vs. Affect

Answer 12

Mood is an enduring period of emotionality (even if physiological reaction of emotion is over)

Affect is our conscious subjective emotional aspect.

Question 13

Temperament

Answer 13

Our biologically (naturally) driven personality (tendencies) which are seen in infancy.

Question 14

Personality

Answer 14

Temperament + Environment (eg. Big 5)

Question 15

How does society/culture/environment influence psychopathology

Answer 15

Culture, stigma, gender (identity and roles), life stressors, discrimination, etc.

Question 16

What periods of life is developmental psychology interested in?

Answer 16

Any period of life where illness can develop (doesn’t just stop at adulthood)

Question 17

Risk factors vs. Protective factors

Answer 17

Increases/reduces likelihood of psychopathology development

Question 18

Contextual influences of psychopathology (in developmental psych)

Answer 18

Anything outside the individual (environmental/social)

Question 19

Why is studying typical development important for the study of psychopathology?

Answer 19

It informs us about what is atypical.

Question 20

Equifinality vs. Multifinality

Answer 20

Equifinality: Different risk factors that produce that same outcome.

Multifinality: The same risk factor (eg. war) that produces different outcomes in individuals.

Question 21

What does multiple levels of analysis refer to in developmental psychopathology?

Answer 21

How different factors (neurotransmitters, culture, etc.) interact with one another.

Question 22

Resilience in psychopathology (two definitions)

Answer 22

1) High risk, but doesn’t develop psychopathology
2) Develops psychopathology, but quickly recovers

Question 23

Translational research

Answer 23

Moves lab research to the real world

Question 24

Preventive intervention vs. Intervention

Answer 24

preventive is for those at risk but without the disorder. intervention is when they already have it.

Question 25

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 25

Disorders result from risk factors AND life stressors in combination

Question 26

Reciprocal gene-environment model

Answer 26

genetics may make people more likely to seek certain environments that increases risk

Question 27

Hindbrain vs. Midbrain

Answer 27

Hindbrain: Automatic activities + Cerebellum.

Midbrain: Movement with sensory input, reticular activating system (sleep/wake)

Question 28

3 aspects of emotion

Answer 28

behavior, physiology, and cognition