Quiz 1

Question 1

Psychopathology (definition)

Answer 1

The study of mental illness

Question 2

3 Parts/Criteria of a ‘Psychological Disorder’

Answer 2

1) Dysfunction (breakdown of cognitive, emotional, or behavior functioning)
2) Distress/Impairment (significant and interfering)
3) Atypical response (not culturally expected based on age and other contexts)

Question 3

3 Parts of Studying psychological disorders

Answer 3

1) Description: presenting the problem. can see dysfunction or not.
2) Causation (etiology): the many possible causes!
3) Treatment and outcome: what treatment helps? can learn more about the disorder itself.

Question 4

Prevalence (clinical psych meaning)

Answer 4

How common the disorder is among population (available in DSM 5)

Question 5

Incidence (clinical psych meaning)

Answer 5

How many new cases of a disorder within a time frame (less than prevalence)

Question 6

Age of onset

Insidious vs. Acute onset

Answer 6

Age when symptoms appear.
Insidious: a gradual development
Acute: sudden development

Question 7

Course (clinical psych meaning)

chronic v. episodic v. time-limited

Answer 7

Patterns of change in a disorder.
Chronic: continues for a long-period
Episodic: comes and goes; recurring over time
Time-limited: short-lasting

Question 8

Prognosis

Answer 8

The predicted future development of a disorder over time.

Question 9

3 Main Historical Conceptions of Psychopathology

Answer 9

1) Supernatural
2) Biological
3) Psychological

Question 10

How was illness conceived in the Persian Empire?

Answer 10

As the work of the devil (both physical and mental)

Question 11

What were some treatments according to the supernatural conception of psychopathology?

Answer 11

Exorcism, torture, etc.

Question 12

When did more humane treatments start to emerge in the history of treating mental illness?

Answer 12

Around the 15th century

Question 13

Paracelsus

Answer 13

A Swiss physician who claimed that mental illness is affected by the pull of moon and stars. Lunatic from luna.

Question 14

Hippocrates influence on psychopathology

Answer 14

The father of modern western medicine. Saw the brain as the origin of wisdom/intelligence/consciousness/emotion.

Question 15

Who (first) saw heredity, the passing of genes, as a possibility in life?

Answer 15

Hippocrates

Question 16

What is the Hippocratic-Galen approach?

Answer 16

Galen built on Hippocrates.

Humoral theory: a disease is too much or too little humors

Question 17

What culture was the humoral theory influenced by?

Answer 17

Chinese (yin-yang)

Question 18

How did Descartes and Willis differ to Locke in conceiving the root problem of mental illness?

Answer 18

Descartes and Willis said the NS or brain is the problem.

Locke says it’s the mind rather than the brain.

Question 19

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 19

Important in improving the classification of diagnoses, making treatments more specified.

Question 20

What negative outcome did moral therapy initially have?

Answer 20

Moral therapy is empathy and humane care. Led to overcrowding.

Question 21

Who was Freud’s teacher and what did they do?

Answer 21

Charcot. Hypnosis approach to treat mental illness

Question 22

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 22

How the ego manages anxiety when the id/superego conflict (according to Freud)

Question 23

What’s Freud’s view of psychopathology based on development?

Answer 23

Conflicts within the psychosexual development stages.

Question 24

What are some therapy approaches by Freud?

What does science say about this approach?

Answer 24

Catharsis, free association, dream analysis, transference

Little evidence of effectiveness and is costly

Question 25

Carl Jung vs. Freud

Answer 25

Rejected sexual drives. Spiritual and religious approach. Collective unconscious

Question 26

Alfred Adler’s theory on human behavior

Answer 26

People strive for superiority

Question 27

Psychodynamic Therapy (vs. Psychoanalysis)

Answer 27

Less dream analysis, more expression of emotions, experiences, wishes.

Question 28

2 Main people of Humanistic theory

Answer 28

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 29

Carl Rogers main ideas

Answer 29

Innate tendency for growth, unconditional positive regard.

Question 30

What group of people might humanistic theory be useful for?

Answer 30

People with mild symptoms or those without disorders.

Question 31

Joseph Wolpe (what contributions?)

Answer 31

Behavior therapy - systematic desensitization

Question 32

Skinner’s approach

Answer 32

Operant conditioning

Question 33

What has the cognitive-behavioral model helped with in psychopathology?

Answer 33

Treating disorders like anxiety (associations of irrational things)

Question 34

What’s wrong with the word ‘Abnormal’ when describing mental illness?

Answer 34

Disorders are common across the lifetime, so they’re technically not abnormal.

People are already stigmatized, this might just add to it.

Question 35

How was mental disorders conceived in the 14th century?

Answer 35

Some kind of evil root, the work of devil/witches (Catholic Church power)

Question 36

Nicholas Oresme

Answer 36

A French Philosopher, Middle Ages.

Saw melancholy as a source of atypical behavior

Question 37

Hippocrates’ view on Hysteria

Answer 37

Uterus moving around in the body caused psychological symptoms

Question 38

When did Hippocrates-Galen thought extend until?

Answer 38

19th century

Question 39

John P. Grey

Answer 39

Believed mental illness had physical roots (1800s). Led to better care in psychiatric patients.

Question 40

Anna Freud’s theories

Answer 40

Ego Psychology

Defensive reactions of the ego determines behavior.

Question 41

Heinz Kohut’s theories

Answer 41

Self-Psychology

Formation of self-concept allows individual to progress toward health/neurosis

Question 42

Diathesis

Answer 42

A vulnerability to a disorder