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Microbiology LFS 261 > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

There are two types of short term stock cultures what are they called?

A

Working stock culture

Reserve stock culture

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2
Q

Working stock culture contains what 2 possible ingredients?

A

typticase soy or nutrient agar slant

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3
Q

Fresh reserve culture should be prepared every ________

A

month

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4
Q

There are two types of long term stock culture storage what are they called?

A

Freeze drying (Lyphilization) and freezing

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5
Q

Why is a cryoprotectant like glycerol used in a storage medium that is freeze dryed?

A

To prevent formation of mini-ice crystals that can damage microbial cell membranes

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6
Q

Bacteria stored at -20C can be revived from cold storage for how long?

A

1-2 years (can be recultured and prepared for another round of freezing)

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7
Q

Non-Fastidious @ -70C maintain viability for how long?

A

5yrs

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8
Q

Fastidious @ -70c maintain viability for how long?

A

3yrs

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9
Q

is -20 or -70 preffered?

A

-70

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10
Q

Cell vibability is much higher on a what?

A

agar slant

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11
Q

What type of fridge will reduce viability

A

self defrosting feidge

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12
Q

WHat can’t strict anerobes do to reactive forms of oxygen created during metabolism

A

detoxify

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13
Q

What is the technique called for culturing anaerobes using a broth supplement with the reducing agent

A

thioglycollate broth

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14
Q

thioglycollate reacts with ____________ to make _________ incubate for how long?

A

oxygen, water, 48hrs

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15
Q

anerobic culture: pink or blue means what? and colourless means? What do you do for 1min if there is colour?

A

oxygen present, oxygen absent, boil.

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16
Q

How long to incubate gas pak anaerobic system?

A

24-48hrs 35c

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17
Q

Explain gas pak anaerobic system

A

chemical reaction to consume free oxygen gas in a sealed jar

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18
Q

gas pak anaerobic system - what is added to the chemicals in the envelope to activate reaction?

A

water

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19
Q

gas pak anaerobic system - if there is no moisture on the inside of the jar what do you do?

A

start again

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20
Q

gas pak anaerobic system - what two things are produced at the end of the reaction?

A

Hydrogen and CO2

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21
Q

gas pak anaerobic system - what colour does the indicator strip turn if pressence of oxygen

A

blue

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22
Q

Plants store glucose as very large molecules called _______

A

starch

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23
Q

Starch is made of _________

A

amylose

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24
Q

Amylose is a long branched ____________

A

polymer

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25
Q

When plants dies bacteria in the soil digest the ________ in the plants via an extracellular enzyme called __________

A

starch,amylase

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26
Q

What are the products of digestion of starch in plants?

A

Glucose and maltose

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27
Q

Glucose and maltose get transported across the __________ where they are used for _________

A

bacterial plasma membrane, energy and construction of other biomolecules

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28
Q

Starch is detected by adding ________

A

iodine

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29
Q

What will happen to starch if bacteria produce amylase?

A

Consumed after incubation

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30
Q

If no starch is detected? (Positive hydrolysis of starch) what would the colour be? and what if starch is present?

A

colourless, purple

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31
Q

starch hydrolysis - fat fuzzy snake means? | normal snake means?

A

positive, negative

32
Q

If the iodine is yellow rather than brownish orange what does that mean?

A

Iodine is old - throw it out

33
Q

Objective of the Citrate Utilization test.

A

To see if bacterium can use citrate as a sole source of carbon and energy

34
Q

Membrane associated transporter for citrate utilization?

A

citrate permease

35
Q

In the cytoplasim enzymes convert citrate to

A

pyruvate and CO2

36
Q

If the bacteria use the citrate and CO2 combines with Na that makes what alkaline compound?

A

NaCO3

37
Q

NH4+ is built by ________

A

enzymes

38
Q

In an alkaline solution bromothymol blue turns

A

blue

39
Q

Citrate utilization test - green to blue indicates? Green indicates?

A

positive test, negative

40
Q

Citrate utilization test - what media is used at incubation details?

A

Simmons citrate agar slant. 35C 4 days

41
Q

Indole (triptophan degrdation) test - to determine the ability of bacteria to split tryptophan (amino acid) into

A

indole and pyruvic acid

42
Q

write out the equation of the indole test

A

tryotophan + 1/2 02 ——tryptophanase——pyruvate + NH3 + indole

43
Q

indole test what reagent is used and incubation times?

A

kovacs, 24-48hrs - 35c

44
Q

indole test - red layer means? no red layer means?

A

positive (presence of indole) negative (tryptophan not hydrolyzed)

45
Q

Catalase test objective

A

detect catalase

46
Q

catalase is an enzyme that

A

degrades H2O2

47
Q

aerobic respiration H2O2 is made as _________

A

oxygen is reduced

48
Q

H2O2 damages _____ and cell _______ and alters _______of some enzymes

A

DNA, membranes, active

49
Q

O2 tolerant bacteria or require gas for metabolism use ________ to break down H2O2 into ________ and ______

A

catalase, water, O2

50
Q

write out the reaction for catalase test

A

2H2O2 —-catalase—-2H2O + O2 (gas)

51
Q

Catalase test - bubbles of O2 indicate what? weak or no bubbles indicates?

A

positive, negative

52
Q

Oxidase test objective

A

to determine is bacteria have cytochrom oxidase

53
Q

cytochrom oxidase is a participant in what?

A

electron transport during respiration

54
Q

What uses energ in electrons that have been removed from food molecules making force across membrane?

A

electron transport molecules

55
Q

cytochrom oxidase is at the end point of the

A

eletron transport chain

56
Q

cytochrom oxidase collects electrons and O2 + H+ = H2O. What is used in the absense of O2

A

nitrate

57
Q

oxidase test - cultures need to be no more than _____ hrs old

A

24

58
Q

When cytochrom oxidase adds electrons to the oxidase reagent the reduced form turns

A

dark blue to purple in 10 secs

59
Q

Objective of motility test

A

to see if bacterium is motile

60
Q

flagella spin like

A

a corkscrew

61
Q

Diffuse “cloud” bacteria growing from the stab indicates?

A

motile

62
Q

bateria growing within stab?

A

non-motile

63
Q

motility test - what kind of agar is used instead of 1.5%

A

0.4 % semi solid

64
Q

motility test - Incubation times

A

24-48 hrs up to 7days

65
Q

Objective of mannitol salt agar

A

isolate bacteria based on their salt tolerance and identify mannitol fermentation

66
Q

Mannitol salt agar is ________ because only bacteria that tolerate ________ NaCl will grow

A

selective, 7.5%

67
Q

Salt tolerant gram-positive cocci include

A

Staph, mirco, entero

68
Q

acid from mannitol fermentation turns indicator _________

A

phenol red to yellow
yellow = mannitol fermentor
red = mannitol non-fermentor

69
Q

The addition of sugar alchol make mannitol ________

A

differential

70
Q

MacConkey agar objective

A

differentiate gram-negative enteric bacilli based on ability to grow on medium and ferment lactose

71
Q

MacConkey plates often used ________contaminated specimens

A

fecal matter

72
Q

MacConkey agar is _______ because gram-positive bacteria are inhibited by crystal violet and bile salt. gram negative bacteria are unaffected

A

selective

73
Q

MacConkey agar - lactose is added to make it ________

A

differential

74
Q

Lactose fermentor =

Non lactose fermentor =

A

pink to red, colourless

75
Q

MacConkey agar - incubation times

A

24-48hr 35c

Microbiology LFS 261 (17 decks)

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