Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology LFS 261 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

HD

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Containment required for Risk group 1

A

Good industrial large scale practices(image gilespy bowler)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Containment required for Risk group 2

A

Level 1 containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Containment required for Risk group 3

A

Level 2 containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Containment required for Risk group 4

A

Level 3 containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What risk group is: Low individual and community risk. A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human disease or animal disease of veterinary importance

A

Risk Group 1 - open lab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What risk group is: Moderate individual risk, limted community risk. Can cause human disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers. Eg: Salmonella food poisoning.

A

Risk group 2 - aseptic lab practises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What risk group is: High individual risk, low community risk. A pathogen that usually causes serious human disease, but does not orinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Prophylaxis and treatment may be available

A

Risk group 3 - fume hood practises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What risk group is: High individual and community risk. A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and may be readily transmitted from one individual to another. No effective prophylaxis or treatment is available eg. Ebola virus

A

Risk group 4 - space suit y’all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is prophylaxis

A

Measure taken to prevent the occurrence of disease - e.g. disinfection, immunization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 varieties of methods used to control microbial growth?

A

Physical methods and Chemical agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 6 types of physical methods used to control microbial growth?

A

DHORFL

  1. Desiccation
  2. Heat
  3. Osmotic Pressure
  4. Radiation
  5. Filtration
  6. Low Heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Sterilization

A

The destruction of all forms of microbial life, including most resistant forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common method used for sterilization?

A

Heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Term for heat treatment when food is subjected to only enough heat to destroy the endospores of Clostridium botulinum, which can produce deadly toxins.

A

commercial sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Disinfection

A

Control directed at destroying harmful microorganisms . It usually refers to the destruction of vegetative (non-endospore forming) pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False - Disinfection is the use of a chemical (a disinfectant) to treat an inert surface or substance.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When this treatment is directed at a living tissue, it is called ___________and the chemical is then called an ______________.

A

antisepsis, antiseptic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When your skin is swabbed with alcohol before a jab what is that process called?

A

Degerming - removing not killing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Referring to disinfection and antisepsis when it comes to restaurant glassware, china, and tableware are subjected to ______

A

Sanitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Names of treatments that cause the outright death of microbes have the suffix _____meaning kill

A

cide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an endospore?

A

Type of spore formed intracellularly by the parent cell or hyph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What would fungicide do?

A

Kill fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would virucide do?

A

inactivate viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What would biocide and germicide do?

A

Kill microorganisms

25
Q

The suffix -stat or -statis, means to

A

stop or to steady

26
Q

Bateriostatis

A

Temporarily stop growth

27
Q

Sepsis indicates?

A

bacterial contamination

28
Q

Asepsis is?

A

absence of signification contamination - like aseptic techniques

29
Q

If the death curve is plotted logarithmically, the death rate is

A

constant

30
Q

What are 4 factors influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments?

A
  1. The number of microbes
  2. Environmental influences
  3. Time of exposure
  4. Microbial characteristics
31
Q

What are two of the earliest techniques used for microbial control?

A

Drying (desiccation) and salting (osmotic pressure)

32
Q

Define Thermal death point (TDP)

A

the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes.

33
Q

Define Thermal death time (TDT)

A

the minimal length of time for all bacteria in a liquid culture to be killed at a given temperature.

34
Q

Define Decimal Reduction time (DRT or D value)

A

DRT is the time, in minutes, in which 90% of a population of a given bacteria at a given temperature will be killed.

35
Q

Autoclaving like boiling is a moist heat microbial control what 2 factors are involved in this method of control?

A

Steam and pressure

36
Q

What are 2 ways to check that an autoclave sterilization has worked?

A

Colour changing tape, and endospore impregnated strips

37
Q

Thermoduric refers to …..

A

Heat resistant bacteria - duric - durable

38
Q

HTST pasteurization heat and time is

A

135C, 1-2 sec

39
Q

UHT milk pasteurization heat and time is

A

72C- 85C for 15sec

40
Q

Dry Heat kills by _________ effects.

A

oxidation

41
Q

Simplest form of dry heat sterilization is

A

direct flaming incineration

42
Q

During dry heat sterilisation, items are place in a _______ and set to _____C for nearly _____ hours

A

oven, 170C, 2

43
Q

Why is slow freezing more harmful to bacteria?

A

the ice crystals that form disrupt the cellular and molecular structure of the bacteria.

44
Q

What is Lyphilization

A

Freeze-Drying - quickly and water removed via high vacuum

45
Q

What is the temperature range used for Lyphilization ?

A

-54C - 72C

46
Q

Can organisms that have undergone lyphilization be revived at any time by hydration with a suitable liquid nutrient medium.

A

yes

47
Q

In the absence of water, a condition known as __________ where microorganisms cannot grow or reproduce but can remain viable for years.

A

desiccation

48
Q

The use of high concentrations of salts and sugars to preserve food is based on the effects of ___

A

osmotic pressure

49
Q

What are two types of radiation?

A

Ionizing and Non-Ionizing

50
Q

The vegetative stage in organisms life cycle where______

A

nutrition and growth predominate as opposed to sexual reproduction or dormancy.

51
Q

The three bacteria used in the use-dilution test are?

A

Salmonella choleraensuis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

52
Q

What are two types of Evaluating Disinfectant 

A

Use-dilution test andThe disk-diffusion test

53
Q

In the disk diffusion test - Disks containing antibiotics are commercially available and used to determine what?

A

microbial susceptibility to antibiotics.

54
Q

Alcohols effectively kill bacteria and fungi but not

A

endospores and non-enveloped viruses.

55
Q

Two of the most commonly used alcohols are

A

ethanol and isopropanol

56
Q

The recommended optimum concentration of alcohol is 70%, but concentrations between 60-95% seem to kill as fast. Why is pure ethanol less effective than aqueous solution? (ethanol mixed with water)

A

because denaturation requires water

57
Q

Define Fomites

A

Inanimate objects that may be contaminated with infectious organisms and serve in their transmission.

58
Q

Rodac agar plates are when Agar fills the entire dish to produce a ______ surface, which is then______

A

Convex, pressed against the surface to be sampled

59
Q

Swab-rinse technique is where?

A

A sterile cotton swab is moistened with a buffer or other solution and rubbed over the surface to be sampled

Microbiology LFS 261 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions