Quiz 4 Prep

Question 1

What is the Endocrine System Responsible for? What are 6 components?

Answer 1

• Reponsible for Hormone Action

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary gland
3. THyroid gland
4. Parathyroid glands
5. Pancreatic islets
6. Adrenal glands

Question 2

What is a Goiter?

Answer 2

• Enlargement of thyroid gland
• Typically caused by iodine deficiency which lead to decreased production of T3 & T4 and enlarges thyroid tissue
• not cancerous
  *

Question 3

What is Graves Disease?

Answer 3

• Autoimmune disease of thyroid
• not cancerous
• results in production of autoimmune antibodes that attack thyroid cells

Question 4

Why are Bulging eyes a side affect of Graves disease?

Answer 4

• antibodies that attack the thyroid cells also attack connective tissues in the eyes.
• causes inflammation and swelling

Question 5

What is Hyperplasia?

Answer 5

• AKA: hypergenesis
• “hyper-over, plasis-formation”
• increase in number of cells (proliferation)
• may result in gross enlargement of an organ.

Cells increase in number but not in size (hypertrophy is enlargemnt of cell)

Question 6

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

Answer 6

• 3
  
  • right
  • left
  • pyramidal lobe- on anterior surface, variance of size
• middle portion is ithmus

Question 7

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 7

• Ductless glands
• several organs that contain hormone-secreting tissue

Question 8

What are 4 functions of hormones?

Answer 8

“HHRC”

1. Help Regulate
2. Control Growth and Development
3. Regulate operation of reproductive systems
4. Help establish circadian rhythems

Question 9

What do Hormones “help regulate?” (5)

Answer 9

“GECCS”

1. glandular secretions
2. Energy balance & Metabolism
3. Chemical composition and volume of internal environment (interstitial fluid)
4. Contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers
5. some immune system activities

Question 10

What is the hypothalamus’ role in the endocrine system?

Answer 10

Nervous systems connects to endocrine system via the pituitary gland (specifically the posterior lobe)

Question 11

How is the pituitary gland structured?

Answer 11

• Anterior lobe
  
  • seperate glandular tissue
  • produces and secretes it’s own hormones
• Posterior lobe
  
  • Nerve tissue
  • extension of hypothalamus
  • stores oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 12

What does the Thymus gland do?

Answer 12

• Secretes thymosins-proteins that are produced throughout the body that have diverse functions.
• A ductless gland