Quiz #4 Anus, Rectum, and Prostate

Question 1

How long is the rectum?

Answer 1

12cm

Question 2

Prostate secretes

Answer 2

thin, milky alkaline fluid that helps sperm viability

Question 3

Seminal vesicles secrete

Answer 3

fluid rich in fructose which nourishes sperm. Contains prostaglandins.

Question 4

How long are the anal canal and rectum combined?

Answer 4

16cm

Question 5

How long is the sigmoid colon?

Answer 5

40cm

Question 6

Sigmoid colon begins and ends at

Answer 6

Begins at iliac flexure of descending colon, ends at rectum

Question 7

Infants usually have stools

Answer 7

after each feeding— termed the gastrocolic reflex

Question 8

Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter occurs

Answer 8

when the nerves around the area are fully mylenated- 1.5—2 years of age

Question 9

When does prostate undergo rapid increase in size?

Answer 9

Puberty— increase >2x

Question 10

How many men have BPH at age 40?

Answer 10

1 in 10

Question 11

Cultural and genetic risks for prostate cancer

Answer 11

African American/African Jamaican
First degree relative (2-3x more likely)
BRCA2 mutations- increased risk for more aggressive prostate cancer
Diet high in red/processed meat, animal/sat fats, and dairy products
Obesity increases risk of aggressive PC

Question 12

Risk factors for late detection of prostate cancer

Answer 12

Uninsured/medicaid

Racial/ethnic minorities

Question 13

When should men receive information about PC testing?

Answer 13

Age 50 in normal risk groups, 45 in high risk, 40 in very high risk (multiple family members)

Question 14

Colorectal cancer highest in what groups?

Answer 14

African-American women

Question 15

Colon cancer screening recommendations

Answer 15

Beginning at 50, colonoscopy every 10 years and fecal immunochemical test every year.

Question 16

Subjective data for anus, rectum, prostate examination

Answer 16

1. Usual bowel routine
2. Changes in bowel habits
3. Rectal bleeding/blood in the stool
4. Medications
5. Rectal conditions
6. Family history
7. Patient-centered care

Question 17

What to ask about usual bowel routine

Answer 17

How often
Color
Hard or soft
Straining
Incomplete evacuation
Breakfast
Pain

Question 18

Diarrhea may indicate

Answer 18

1. Gatroenteritis
2. Colitis
3. irritable colon syndrome

Question 19

Risk factors for diarrhea

Answer 19

1. visit to child care center
2. eating raw shellfish
3. undercooked meat or eggs
4. swimming in contaminated water
5. physical contact with other sick people
6. food poisoning

Question 20

Clay colored stool

Answer 20

indicated absent bile pigment—cirrhosis, gallstones, alcoholic/viral hepatitits

Question 21

Steatorrhea

Answer 21

Excessive fat in the stool, caused by malabsorption of fat. May be frothy. Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, Chrohn’s.

Question 22

Mucoid discharge and soiled underwear occurs with

Answer 22

prolasped hemorrhoids

Question 23

Patient centered care for Anus, Rectum, Prostate

Answer 23

High fiber foods— fight obesity, stabilize blood sugar, help GI disorders
Date of last DRE, stool blood test, colonoscopy, PSA

Question 24

How often should DRE be performed?

Answer 24

Annually after age 50

Question 25

How often should fecal occult blood test be performed?

Answer 25

Annually after age 50

Question 26

Encopresis

Answer 26

persistent bowel incontinence in children over the age of 4.