Quiz #4 Anus, Rectum, and Prostate Flashcards
How long is the rectum?
12cm
Prostate secretes
thin, milky alkaline fluid that helps sperm viability
Seminal vesicles secrete
fluid rich in fructose which nourishes sperm. Contains prostaglandins.
How long are the anal canal and rectum combined?
16cm
How long is the sigmoid colon?
40cm
Sigmoid colon begins and ends at
Begins at iliac flexure of descending colon, ends at rectum
Infants usually have stools
after each feeding— termed the gastrocolic reflex
Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter occurs
when the nerves around the area are fully mylenated- 1.5—2 years of age
When does prostate undergo rapid increase in size?
Puberty— increase >2x
How many men have BPH at age 40?
1 in 10
Cultural and genetic risks for prostate cancer
African American/African Jamaican
First degree relative (2-3x more likely)
BRCA2 mutations- increased risk for more aggressive prostate cancer
Diet high in red/processed meat, animal/sat fats, and dairy products
Obesity increases risk of aggressive PC
Risk factors for late detection of prostate cancer
Uninsured/medicaid
Racial/ethnic minorities
When should men receive information about PC testing?
Age 50 in normal risk groups, 45 in high risk, 40 in very high risk (multiple family members)
Colorectal cancer highest in what groups?
African-American women
Colon cancer screening recommendations
Beginning at 50, colonoscopy every 10 years and fecal immunochemical test every year.
Subjective data for anus, rectum, prostate examination
- Usual bowel routine
- Changes in bowel habits
- Rectal bleeding/blood in the stool
- Medications
- Rectal conditions
- Family history
- Patient-centered care
What to ask about usual bowel routine
How often Color Hard or soft Straining Incomplete evacuation Breakfast Pain
Diarrhea may indicate
- Gatroenteritis
- Colitis
- irritable colon syndrome
Risk factors for diarrhea
- visit to child care center
- eating raw shellfish
- undercooked meat or eggs
- swimming in contaminated water
- physical contact with other sick people
- food poisoning
Clay colored stool
indicated absent bile pigment—cirrhosis, gallstones, alcoholic/viral hepatitits
Steatorrhea
Excessive fat in the stool, caused by malabsorption of fat. May be frothy. Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, Chrohn’s.
Mucoid discharge and soiled underwear occurs with
prolasped hemorrhoids
Patient centered care for Anus, Rectum, Prostate
High fiber foods— fight obesity, stabilize blood sugar, help GI disorders
Date of last DRE, stool blood test, colonoscopy, PSA
How often should DRE be performed?
Annually after age 50
How often should fecal occult blood test be performed?
Annually after age 50
Encopresis
persistent bowel incontinence in children over the age of 4.
