Hair, Skin, and Nails

Question 1

Macule

Answer 1

Color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Freckles, measles, petechiae.

Question 2

Patch

Answer 2

Macules larger than 1cm. Mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait

Question 3

Papuple

Answer 3

Solid, elevated, less than 1 cm diameter caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. eg mole

Question 4

Nodule

Answer 4

solid, elevated, hard or soft. larger than 1 cm. Xanthoma, fibroma

Question 5

Tumor

Answer 5

Larger than a few CM, firm or soft, deeper into dermis. Lipoma, hemangioma.

Question 6

Wheal

Answer 6

superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous. Irregular shape. eg mosquito bite

Question 7

Uticaria

Answer 7

Collection of coalesced wheals. Intensely pruritic.

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

Elevated cavity with free fluid up to 1cm. Herpes simplex, varicella

Question 9

Bulla

Answer 9

Larger than 1cm, single chambered, superficial. Thin walled and ruptures easily, eg Bulla

Question 10

Cyst

Answer 10

encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevates sky. eg sebaceous cyst, wen

Question 11

Pustule

Answer 11

turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. circumscribed and elevated.

Question 12

Crust

Answer 12

thickened, dried exudate left when vesicles or pustules dry up.

Question 13

Scale

Answer 13

Compact dessicated flakes of skin from shedding of dead excess keratin cells.

Question 14

Fissure

Answer 14

Linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis, dry or moist. eg cracks at corners of mouth due to excess moisture, athlete’s food

Question 15

Erosion

Answer 15

scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial, only epidermis, causes no scar. No bleeding

Question 16

Excoriation

Answer 16

Self inflicted abrasion due to scratching, superficial, no bleeding, no scar. Ex: bug bite

Question 17

Ulcer

Answer 17

Deeper depression that extends into dermis, may bleed. Irregular shape. Leaves a scar when it heals. Chancre, pressure sore.

Question 18

Scar

Answer 18

Collagenous connective tissue that remains after normal tissue is lost- permanent change.

Question 19

Atrophic scar-

Answer 19

depressed local skin level, thinning of skin eg striae

Question 20

Lichenification

Answer 20

Thickened skin from prolonged intense scratching- tightly packed papules.

Question 21

Keloid

Answer 21

Benign excess of scar tissue. Smooth, rubber, shiny, and clawlike.